Miniscrew-Assisted Mandibular Molar Protraction: A Case Report

The present article describes the case of a 12-year-old female patient in which mandibular second molar protraction was performed after the extraction of a grossly damaged first molar. A titanium miniscrew was placed in the buccal alveolar bone between the canine and premolar to provide direct anchorage for protraction forces. A balancing lingual force was applied. The treatment time was 22 months. Ideal overbite and overjet with good posterior occlusion was achieved

Accidental Intake of Foreign Bodies in Orthodontic Patients: A Management Protocol

One of the common emergencies during dental treatment is accidental intake of dental materials. Dental patients being treated in supine position increases the risk of accidental ingestion during various dental procedures. Orthodontic patients are prone to such incidences because of the small size of materials used such as brackets, molar bands, tubes and archwire clips. Ingestion of a number of orthodontic materials such as retainers, sectional wires, hooks, bands, brackets, or expansion appliance keys have been reported. These materials may be ingested or aspirated and become lodged in the oropharyngeal or gastrointestinal tract. The response to such conditions may vary from no symptoms, mild irritation, to severe consequences such as choking or asphyxiation. A protocol must be available to avoid such untoward episodes and to ensure effective management in case of an occurrence. This article presents a literature review of accidental ingestion or aspiration of orthodontic materials and elucidates an effective management protocol for such emergencies

(R2032) Modeling the Effect of Sanitation Effort on the Spread of Carrier-dependent Infectious Diseases due to Environmental Degradation

In this present study, an SIS model is proposed and analyzed to study the effect of sanitation effort in controlling the spread of carrier-dependent infectious disease in a human habitat due to environmental degradation. The dynamics of the model consist of six dependent variables, the susceptible population density, infective population density, carrier population density, cumulative density of environmental degradation and the density of sanitation effort applied on carrier population and degraded environment. In the modeling process, the carrier population density and sanitation effort are modeled logistically and the degradation of the environment is assumed to be directly proportional to the population in the habitat. The analysis of the model is performed by using the stability theory of differential equations and numerical simulations. The study of model shows that as the degradation of environment increases, the density of the carrier population increases which ultimately increases the infective population. Further, the result shows that by applying suitable sanitation effort on the carrier population density and on the cumulative density of environmental degradation, the carrier population density decreases and hence the infective population. Thus, it is very important to keep our environment clean by applying proper sanitation to prevent the spread of carrier-dependent infectious diseases

Transcription Factor Repertoire of Necrotrophic Fungal Phytopathogen Ascochyta rabiei: Predominance of MYB Transcription Factors As Potential Regulators of Secretome

Transcription factors (TFs) are the key players in gene expression and their study is highly significant for shedding light on the molecular mechanisms and evolutionary history of organisms. During host–pathogen interaction, extensive reprogramming of gene expression facilitated by TFs is likely to occur in both host and pathogen. To date, the knowledge about TF repertoire in filamentous fungi is in infancy. The necrotrophic fungus Ascochyta rabiei, that causes destructive Ascochyta blight (AB) disease of chickpea (Cicer arietinum), demands more comprehensive study for better understanding of Ascochyta-legume pathosystem. In the present study, we performed the genome-wide identification and analysis of TFs in A. rabiei. Taking advantage of A. rabiei genome sequence, we used a bioinformatic approach to predict the TF repertoire of A. rabiei. For identification and classification of A. rabiei TFs, we designed a comprehensive pipeline using a combination of BLAST and InterProScan software. A total of 381 A. rabiei TFs were predicted and divided into 32 fungal specific families of TFs. The gene structure, domain organization and phylogenetic analysis of abundant families of A. rabiei TFs were also carried out. Comparative study of A. rabiei TFs with that of other necrotrophic, biotrophic, hemibiotrophic, symbiotic, and saprotrophic fungi was performed. It suggested presence of both conserved as well as unique features among them. Moreover, cis-acting elements on promoter sequences of earlier predicted A. rabiei secretome were also identified. With the help of published A. rabiei transcriptome data, the differential expression of TF and secretory protein coding genes was analyzed. Furthermore, comprehensive expression analysis of few selected A. rabiei TFs using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed variety of expression patterns during host colonization. These genes were expressed in at least one of the time points tested post infection. Overall, this study illustrates the first genome-wide identification and analysis of TF repertoire of A. rabiei. This work would provide the basis for further studies to dissect role of TFs in the molecular mechanisms during A. rabiei–chickpea interactions

Sirenomelia-the mermaid syndrome: a rare invariably fatal congenital anomaly in a term unsupervised pregnancy

Sirenomelia is a rare congenital anomaly with an incidence of 0.8 to 1 case per 1,00,000 births. The prognosis is grim due to associated genitourinary and gastrointestinal anomalies. Antenatal registration in the first trimester and timely ultrasound go a long way in detection of the anamoly when termination can be still be offered and the mental agony of giving birth to a term neonate with a fatal congenital anomaly can be avoided.

A CASE OF ACUTE MESENTERIC ISCHEMIA: DIAGNOSTIC DILEMMA AND SURGICAL CHALLENGE

Mesenteric ischemia is an uncommon condition, and we need to have a high index of suspicion to diagnose and manage this condition. Predisposing conditions such as myocardial infarction, portal hypertension, pancreatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, post-operative states, trauma, and hypercoagulable states such as DVT, pregnancy, and neoplasms should always be accounted for before diagnosing this condition. In emergency situations, surgical exploration is warranted. Here, we present a case of 57-year-old male, known case of DVT RT lower limb, on anticoagulants, presented with the complaints of epigastric pain, absolute constipation, and abdominal distention of 3 days duration. He was investigated and managed by exploratory laparotomy with peritoneal lavage and resection of gangrenous bowel with proximal jejunostomy and distal ileostomy

Interdisciplinary sequential management of combination traumatic dental injuries

Combination dental trauma or combination traumatic dental injuries (C-TDIs) are often seen with unique presentations. Although most guidelines address the evidence-based management of such injuries in detail, a sequential protocol and classifications for C-TDI are lacking. In these scenarios, clinical details with imaging tools play an essential role by helping the clinician apply the elements of the TDI protocol in the correct sequence. However, most cases of C-TDI are attended by a general dentist, who often finds it difficult to make such clinical decisions, adversely affecting the prognosis. This article reports a case of a 14-year-old male patient with avulsion of 12, intrusion of 11, 21, and 13, and uncomplicated crown fracture of 11, 21, and 14, with a sequential interdisciplinary approach for the management and long-term follow-up of 10 years

Unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion: Data from men and women in Rajasthan, India

This report is the result of a collaborative project between the Population Council and the Centre for Operations Research and Training, conducted as part of a Council program of research on unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion in Rajasthan, India. Designed as a complement to service-delivery activities being undertaken in Rajasthan by the Indian nongovernmental reproductive health service provider Parivar Seva Sanstha, the program of research aimed to provide a multifaceted picture of the on-the-ground realities related to unwanted pregnancy and abortion in six districts of Rajasthan. Detailed pregnancy histories yielded data on levels of unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion in the sampled areas in Rajasthan. As noted in this report, the legal right to abortion is not a reality for the majority of women in the sample in Rajasthan. Women have strong desires to meet their reproductive intentions, but existing methods of family planning and abortion services are not meeting their needs. According to the report, public information campaigns to educate women, their spouses, and other family members about the legal right to abortion, as well as efforts to revise the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, are imperative if access to abortion services is to improve

Formal and informal abortion services in Rajasthan, India: Results of a situation analysis

As part of a Population Council program of research on unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion in Rajasthan, the Population Council and the Centre for Operations Research and Training conducted a situation analysis of abortion services in both the formal and informal sectors in six districts. This report offers insights into the availability and organization of abortion services in the sampled areas in Rajasthan. The report also documents a vast array of informal providers who offer services for delayed menstruation or unwanted pregnancy. Informal providers appear particularly accessible to women because they are far more prevalent in rural areas than formal providers, are generally well known in the community, maintain extended working hours, and sometimes provide care at women’s homes. The findings underscore the need to improve access to affordable, high-quality, legal abortion services, particularly in rural areas. Until this is done, informal providers and uncertified facilities will remain the best option for poor and rural women despite the fact that abortion has been legal in India for over 30 years