Establishment of a Scale to Measure Migration Proneness of Tribespeople

The aim of this study is to develop a scale to measure migration proneness of tribespeople. This study was designed as a quantitative survey research. A total 30 items were generated for measuring migration proneness Likert’s summated rating method was followed in the study for scale construction. The relevancy of the items generated was established by judges rating. The scores for each items were summated over all the respondents and relevancy index was calculated. The indices used for the selection of items in the study were an Index of discrimination (t-test), suggested by Edwards (1957) and Item score- total score correlation (Pearson’s r), suggested by Anastasi (1961) and Guliford (1971). The statements with high t values, greater than 2.228 and r value greater than 0.4 were selected. Thus 12 statements were selected for the final scale. Split half reliability was used in the present study using odd even method. The correlation co-efficient (r = 0.732) for the half test was obtained. The reliability of the full test was found to be 0.845, which indicates the appreciable reliability of the scale. Care was taken to include items covering the universe of content with respect to the different dimensions of migration proneness in the scale, thereby satisfying the content validity criterion

Laparoscopic assisted reduction of jejuno-jejunal intussusception with resection of jejunal polyp in children: A case series

Jejunojejunal intussusceptions secondary to polyp as a lead point are extremely rare. Only a few cases have been reported in the English literature. Here, we report the case series of two such cases who presented to us as irreducible intussusceptions and were managed successfully by laparoscopic-assisted transumbilical reduction and resection. Thus laparoscopic-assisted management of this rare presentation is feasible even in smaller children

Universalization of any adversarial attack using very few test examples

Deep learning models are known to be vulnerable not only to input-dependent adversarial attacks but also to input-agnostic or universal adversarial attacks. Dezfooli et al. \cite{Dezfooli17,Dezfooli17anal} construct universal adversarial attack on a given model by looking at a large number of training data points and the geometry of the decision boundary near them. Subsequent work \cite{Khrulkov18} constructs universal attack by looking only at test examples and intermediate layers of the given model. In this paper, we propose a simple universalization technique to take any input-dependent adversarial attack and construct a universal attack by only looking at very few adversarial test examples. We do not require details of the given model and have negligible computational overhead for universalization. We theoretically justify our universalization technique by a spectral property common to many input-dependent adversarial perturbations, e.g., gradients, Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM) and DeepFool. Using matrix concentration inequalities and spectral perturbation bounds, we show that the top singular vector of input-dependent adversarial directions on a small test sample gives an effective and simple universal adversarial attack. For VGG16 and VGG19 models trained on ImageNet, our simple universalization of Gradient, FGSM, and DeepFool perturbations using a test sample of 64 images gives fooling rates comparable to state-of-the-art universal attacks \cite{Dezfooli17,Khrulkov18} for reasonable norms of perturbation

Growth characteristics in individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta in North America: results from a multicenter study.

PurposeOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) predisposes people to recurrent fractures, bone deformities, and short stature. There is a lack of large-scale systematic studies that have investigated growth parameters in OI.MethodsUsing data from the Linked Clinical Research Centers, we compared height, growth velocity, weight, and body mass index (BMI) in 552 individuals with OI. Height, weight, and BMI were plotted on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention normative curves.ResultsIn children, the median z-scores for height in OI types I, III, and IV were -0.66, -6.91, and -2.79, respectively. Growth velocity was diminished in OI types III and IV. The median z-score for weight in children with OI type III was -4.55. The median z-scores for BMI in children with OI types I, III, and IV were 0.10, 0.91, and 0.67, respectively. Generalized linear model analyses demonstrated that the height z-score was positively correlated with the severity of the OI subtype (P < 0.001), age, bisphosphonate use, and rodding (P < 0.05).ConclusionFrom the largest cohort of individuals with OI, we provide median values for height, weight, and BMI z-scores that can aid the evaluation of overall growth in the clinic setting. This study is an important first step in the generation of OI-specific growth curves

Bilateral total duplication of clavicle: First reported case

A very rare first case of bilateral duplication of the clavicle is presented here. Duplication of the clavicle has been described in only six reports based on a search of the world literature, with single case of bilateral duplication (incomplete) of clavicle being reported. The detection of anatomic anomalies are increasing with the advancement of technology in medicine field. This case is more of academic interest as it is the first case of total bilateral duplication of clavicle

Pattern of congenital malformations in newborn: a hospital-based study

Background: Data on congenital malformations from developing countries like India are very few. However, it is important to have comprehensive and reliable data on the description and frequency of congenital malformations to allow surveillance and the implementation of appropriate public health strategies for prevention and management. In this study, we describe the pattern of congenital malformations seen in newborns delivered in tertiary care hospital of western Maharashtra. The objective was to study various newborn characteristics and to determine the frequency and pattern of congenital malformations at birth. Cross-sectional study conducted in Govt Medical College and Hospital Miraj, a tertiary care hospital in district of Maharashtra from June 2014 to November 2014 targeting all newborns delivered in hospital during study period.Methods: Data was collected by administering a semi structured questionnaire and a devised newborn screening clinical examination protocol.Results: Out of all 892 newborns (live births and still births), 24(2.69%) were having congenital malformations at birth and out of that, malformations involving circulatory system was highest i.e. 29.6% compared to other system.Conclusions: As compared to other studies circulatory disorders appear to be more common and by improvement in antenatal, postnatal diagnosis, early referral to tertiary hospital and early intervention most of these newborns can be saved

Approach to the Patient: Pharmacological Therapies for Fracture Risk Reduction in Adults With Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Context Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder characterized by increased bone fragility largely caused by defects in structure, synthesis, or post-translational processing of type I collagen. The effectiveness of medications used for fracture reduction in adults with OI is understudied and practice recommendations are not well established. Drugs currently used to improve skeletal health in OI were initially developed to treat osteoporosis. Oral and intravenous bisphosphonates have been shown to improve bone mineral density (BMD) in adults with OI and are commonly used; however, conclusive data confirming fracture protection are lacking. Similarly, teriparatide appears to increase BMD, an effect that seems to be limited to individuals with type I OI. The role of denosumab, abaloparatide, romosozumab, and estradiol/testosterone in adult OI have not been systematically studied. Anti-sclerostin agents and transforming growth factor-beta antagonists are under investigation in clinical trials. Objective This review summarizes current knowledge on pharmacologic treatment options for reducing fracture risk in adults with OI. Methods A PubMed online database search of all study types published in the English language using the terms “osteogenesis imperfecta,” “OI,” and “brittle bone disease” was performed in June 2022. Articles screened were restricted to adults. Additional sources were identified through manual searches of reference lists. Conclusion Fracture rates are elevated in adults with OI. Although clinical trial data are limited, bisphosphonates and teriparatide may be useful in improving BMD. Further research is needed to develop medications for adults with OI that will lead to definite fracture rate reduction