7,660 research outputs found
Towards an Asynchronous Cinema: how can the asynchronous use of sound in artists' moving image underpin the creation of dialectic tension between the audio, the visual and the audience?
This PhD by publication examines selected practice-based audio-visual works made by the author over a ten-year period, placing them in a critical context. Central to the publications, and the focus of the thesis, is an exploration of the role of sound in the creation of dialectic tension between the audio, the visual and the audience. By first analysing a number of texts (films/videos and key writings) the thesis locates the principal issues and debates around the use of audio in artistsâ moving image practice. From this it is argued that asynchronism, first advocated in 1929 by Pudovkin as a response to the
advent of synchronised sound, can be used to articulate audio-visual relationships. Central to asynchronismâs application in this paper is a recognition of the propensity for sound and image to adhere, and in visual music for there to be a literal equation of audio with the visual, often married with a quest for the synaesthetic. These elements can either be used in an
illusionist fashion, or employed as part of an anti-illusionist strategy for realising dialectic. Using this as a theoretical basis, the paper examines how the publications implement asynchronism, including digital mapping to facilitate innovative reciprocal sound and image combinations, and the asynchronous use of âfound soundâ from a range of online sources to reframe the moving image. The synthesis of publications and practice demonstrates that asynchronism can both underpin the creation of dialectic, and be an integral component in an audio-visual anti-illusionist methodology
Searching and organizing images across languages
With the continual growth of users on the Web
from a wide range of countries, supporting
such users in their search of cultural heritage
collections will grow in importance. In the
next few years, the growth areas of Internet
users will come from the Indian sub-continent
and China. Consequently, if holders of cultural
heritage collections wish their content to be
viewable by the full range of users coming to
the Internet, the range of languages that they
need to support will have to grow. This paper
will present recent work conducted at the
University of Sheffield (and now being
implemented in BRICKS) on how to use
automatic translation to provide search and
organisation facilities for a historical image
search engine. The system allows users to
search for images in seven different languages,
providing means for the user to examine
translated image captions and browse retrieved
images organised by categories written in their
native language
Assessing the effectiveness of pen-based input queries
In this poster, we describe an experiment exploring the effectiveness of a pen based text input device for use in query construction. Standard TREC queries were written, recognised, and subsequently retrieved upon. Comparisons between retrieval effectiveness based on the recognised writing and a typed text baseline were made. On average, effectiveness was 75% of the baseline. Other statistics on the quality and nature of recognition are also reported
Equivariant configuration spaces
The compression theorem is used to prove results for equivariant configuration spaces that are analogous to the well-known non-equivariant results of May, Milgram and Segal
Relevance Judgments between TREC and Non-TREC Assessors
This paper investigates the agreement of relevance assessments between official TREC judgments and those generated from an interactive IR experiment. Results show that 63% of documents judged relevant by our users matched official TREC judgments. Several factors contributed to differences in the agreements: the number of retrieved relevant documents; the number of relevant documents judged; system effectiveness per topic and the ranking of relevant documents
The Relationship between IR Effectiveness Measures and User Satisfaction
This paper presents an experimental study of users assessing the quality of Google web search results. In particular we look at how users' satisfaction correlates with the effectiveness of Google as quantified by IR measures such as precision and the suite of Cumulative Gain measures (CG, DCG, NDCG). Results indicate strong correlation between users' satisfaction, CG and precision, moderate correlation with DCG, with perhaps surprisingly negligible correlation with NDCG. The reasons for the low correlation with NDCG are examined
Users' effectiveness and satisfaction for image retrieval
This paper presents results from an initial user
study exploring the relationship between system
effectiveness as quantified by traditional
measures such as precision and recall, and usersâ
effectiveness and satisfaction of the results. The
tasks involve finding images for recall-based
tasks. It was concluded that no direct relationship
between system effectiveness and usersâ
performance could be proven (as shown by
previous research). People learn to adapt to a
system regardless of its effectiveness. This study
recommends that a combination of attributes
(e.g. system effectiveness, user performance and
satisfaction) is a more effective way to evaluate
interactive retrieval systems. Results of this
study also reveal that users are more concerned
with accuracy than coverage of the search
results
Automatically organising images using concept hierarchies
In this paper we discuss the use of concept hierarchies, an approach to automatically organize a set of documents based upon a set of concepts derived from the documents themselves for image retrieval. Co-occurrence between terms associated with image captions and a statistical relation called subsumption are used to generate term clusters which are organized hierarchically. Previously, the approach has been studied for document retrieval and results have shown that automatically generating hierarchies can help users with their search task. In this paper we present an implementation of concept hierarchies for image retrieval, together with preliminary ad-hoc evaluation. Although our approach requires more investigation, initial results from a prototype system are promising and would appear to provide a useful summary of the search results
Automatic organisation of retrieved images into a hierarchy
Image retrieval is of growing interest to both search engines and academic researchers with increased focus on both content-based and
caption-based approaches. Image search, however, is different from document retrieval: users often search a broader set of retrieved
images than they would examine returned web pages in a search engine. In this paper, we focus on a concept hierarchy generation
approach developed by Sanderson and Croft in 1999, which was used to organise retrieved images in a hierarchy automatically
generated from image captions. Thirty participants were recruited for the study. Each of them conducted two different kinds of
searching tasks within the system. Results indicated that the user retrieval performance in both interfaces of system is similar.
However, the majority of users preferred to use the concept hierarchy to complete their searching tasks and they were satisfied with
using the hierarchical menu to organize retrieved results, because the menu appeared to provide a useful summary to help users look
through the image results
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