27,526 research outputs found
Bounding quantum gate error rate based on reported average fidelity
Remarkable experimental advances in quantum computing are exemplified by
recent announcements of impressive average gate fidelities exceeding 99.9% for
single-qubit gates and 99% for two-qubit gates. Although these high numbers
engender optimism that fault-tolerant quantum computing is within reach, the
connection of average gate fidelity with fault-tolerance requirements is not
direct. Here we use reported average gate fidelity to determine an upper bound
on the quantum-gate error rate, which is the appropriate metric for assessing
progress towards fault-tolerant quantum computation, and we demonstrate that
this bound is asymptotically tight for general noise. Although this bound is
unlikely to be saturated by experimental noise, we demonstrate using explicit
examples that the bound indicates a realistic deviation between the true error
rate and the reported average fidelity. We introduce the Pauli distance as a
measure of this deviation, and we show that knowledge of the Pauli distance
enables tighter estimates of the error rate of quantum gates.Comment: New Journal of Physics Fast Track Communication. Gold open access
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Two-Color Terawatt Laser System For High-Intensity Laser-Plasma Experiments
We report a two-color terawatt laser system for use in controlling laser-plasma instabilities. The system includes a commercial 45 TW Ti:Sapphire laser system at 800 nm, temporally synchronized with a 1 TW CPA Raman-Ti:Sapphire hybrid laser centered at 873nm that we designed and built to complement the 800 nm system. The two-color system will be used to seed, enhance, suppress, or otherwise control a variety of instabilities which arise in laser-plasma interactions.Physic
Ordered Measurements of Permutationally-Symmetric Qubit Strings
We show that any sequence of measurements on a permutationally-symmetric
(pure or mixed) multi-qubit string leaves the unmeasured qubit substring also
permutationally-symmetric. In addition, we show that the measurement
probabilities for an arbitrary sequence of single-qubit measurements are
independent of how many unmeasured qubits have been lost prior to the
measurement. Our results are valuable for quantum information processing of
indistinguishable particles by post-selection, e.g. in cases where the results
of an experiment are discarded conditioned upon the occurrence of a given event
such as particle loss. Furthermore, our results are important for the design of
adaptive-measurement strategies, e.g. a series of measurements where for each
measurement instance, the measurement basis is chosen depending on prior
measurement results.Comment: 13 page
Nearest-neighbor coupling asymmetry in the generation of cluster states
We demonstrate that charge-qubit cluster state generation by capacitive
coupling is anisotropic. Specifically, horizontal vs vertical nearest-neighbor
inter-qubit coupling differs in a rectangular lattice. We show how to
ameliorate this anisotropy by applying potential biases to the array of double
dots.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure
Constraints on turbulent velocity broadening for a sample of clusters, groups and elliptical galaxies using XMM-Newton
Using the width of emission lines in XMM-Newton Reflection Grating
Spectrometer spectra, we place direct constraints on the turbulent velocities
of the X-ray emitting medium in the cores of 62 galaxy clusters, groups and
elliptical galaxies. We find five objects where we can place an upper limit on
the line-of-sight broadening of 500 km/s (90 per cent confidence level), using
a single thermal component model. Two other objects are lower than this limit
when two thermal components are used. Half of the objects examined have an
upper limit on the velocity broadening of less than 700 km/s. To look for
objects which have significant turbulent broadening, we use Chandra spectral
maps to compute the expected broadening caused by the spatial extent of the
source. Comparing these with our observed results, we find that Klemola 44 has
extra broadening at the level of 1500 km/s. RX J1347.5-1145 shows weak evidence
for turbulent velocities at 800 km/s. In addition we obtain limits on
turbulence for Zw3146, Abell 496, Abell 1795, Abell 2204 and HCG 62 of less
than 200 km/s. After subtraction of the spatial contribution and including a 50
km/s systematic uncertainty, we find at least 15 sources with less than 20 per
cent of the thermal energy density in turbulence.Comment: 17 pages, 17 figures, accepted by MNRAS. Includes minor edits to
proo
Gravitational polarization and the phenomenology of MOND
The modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) has been proposed as an alternative to
the dark matter paradigm; the philosophy behind is that there is no dark matter
and we witness a violation of the Newtonian law of dynamics. In this article,
we interpret differently the phenomenology sustaining MOND, as resulting from
an effect of "gravitational polarization", of some cosmic fluid made of dipole
moments, aligned in the gravitational field, and representing a new form of
dark matter. We invoke an internal force, of non-gravitational origin, in order
to hold together the microscopic constituents of the dipole. The dipolar
particles are weakly influenced by the distribution of ordinary matter; they
are accelerated not by the gravitational field, but by its gradient, or tidal
gravitational field.Comment: 14 pages, 1 figure, to appear in Classical and Quantum Gravit
Partitioning Complex Networks via Size-constrained Clustering
The most commonly used method to tackle the graph partitioning problem in
practice is the multilevel approach. During a coarsening phase, a multilevel
graph partitioning algorithm reduces the graph size by iteratively contracting
nodes and edges until the graph is small enough to be partitioned by some other
algorithm. A partition of the input graph is then constructed by successively
transferring the solution to the next finer graph and applying a local search
algorithm to improve the current solution.
In this paper, we describe a novel approach to partition graphs effectively
especially if the networks have a highly irregular structure. More precisely,
our algorithm provides graph coarsening by iteratively contracting
size-constrained clusterings that are computed using a label propagation
algorithm. The same algorithm that provides the size-constrained clusterings
can also be used during uncoarsening as a fast and simple local search
algorithm.
Depending on the algorithm's configuration, we are able to compute partitions
of very high quality outperforming all competitors, or partitions that are
comparable to the best competitor in terms of quality, hMetis, while being
nearly an order of magnitude faster on average. The fastest configuration
partitions the largest graph available to us with 3.3 billion edges using a
single machine in about ten minutes while cutting less than half of the edges
than the fastest competitor, kMetis
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