Extended 16x16 Play-Fair Algorithm for Secure Key Exchange Using RSA Algorithm

With the world entering in the 21st century rigorous efforts are being made to secure data and flow of information among the users. Though with the advancements are fast and efficient the third party intervention and security threats has also increased many folds. The algorithms being used to encrypt and decrypt data needs to be strong enough to secure the data but also simple enough for a user to handle the process. With this article a novel, practical approach is presented which not only makes the information more secured but also being based on RSA algorithm is easy enough for users to understand and implement into the systems

Study of Software Interface For Adaptive Control System

Pseudo random binary sequence is essentially a random sequence of binary numbers. So PRBS generator is nothing but random binary number generator. It is ‘random’ in a sense that the value of an element of the sequence is independent of the values of any of the other elements. It is 'pseudo' because it is deterministic and after N elements it starts to repeat itself, unlike real random sequences. The implementation of PRBS generator is based on the linear feedback shift register (LFSR). The PRBS generator produces a predefined sequence of 1's and 0's, with 1 and 0 occurring with the same probability. A sequence of consecutive n*(2^n -1) bits comprise one data pattern, and this pattern will repeat itself over time

The journey of F1000Research since inception: through bibliometric analysis [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]

Background: Bibliometric analysis is an approach adopted by researchers to understand the various analytics such as year-wise publications, their citations, most impactful authors and their contributions, identification of emerging keywords, multiple themes (niche, motor, basic, and emerging or declining) etc. F1000Research is one of the Q1 category journals that publishes articles in various domains, but a detailed journal analysis is yet to be done. Methods: This study is an effort to extract the F1000Research journey information through bibliometric analysis using VOS-viewer and Biblioshiny (R-studio) interface. The F1000Research journal started its journey in 2012; since then, 5767 articles have been published until the end of 2022. Most of the published articles are from medical science, covering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology, Immunology & Pharmacology, Toxicology & Pharmaceutics. To understand the research journey, various analyses such as publication & citation trends, leading authors, institutions, countries, most frequent keywords, bibliographic coupling between authors, countries and documents, emerging research themes, and trending keywords were performed. Results: The United States is the biggest contributor, and COVID-19 is the most commonly occurred keyword. Conclusions: The present study may help future researchers to understand the emerging medical science domain. It will also help the editors and journal to focus more on developing or emerging areas and to understand their importance towards society. Future researchers can contribute their quality research studies, focusing on emerging themes. These authors’ research can guide future researchers to develop their research area around the most impacted articles. They can collaborate with them to bring that emerging theme forward

Analysis of conformational variation in macromolecular structural models

Experimental conditions or the presence of interacting components can lead to variations in the structural models of macromolecules. However, the role of these factors in conformational selection is often omitted by in silico methods to extract dynamic information from protein structural models. Structures of small peptides, considered building blocks for larger macromolecular structural models, can substantially differ in the context of a larger protein. This limitation is more evident in the case of modeling large multi-subunit macromolecular complexes using structures of the individual protein components. Here we report an analysis of variations in structural models of proteins with high sequence similarity. These models were analyzed for sequence features of the protein, the role of scaffolding segments including interacting proteins or affinity tags and the chemical components in the experimental conditions. Conformational features in these structural models could be rationalized by conformational selection events, perhaps induced by experimental conditions. This analysis was performed on a non-redundant dataset of protein structures from different SCOP classes. The sequence-conformation correlations that we note here suggest additional features that could be incorporated by in silico methods to extract dynamic information from protein structural models

The PPE2 protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis translocates to host nucleus and inhibits nitric oxide production

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes tuberculosis, is one of the most successful pathogens of humans. It has evolved several adaptive skills and evasion mechanisms to hijack the immunologically educated host to suit its intracellular lifestyle. Here, we show that one of the unique PPE family member proteins of M. tuberculosis, PPE2, can limit Nitric Oxide (NO) production by inhibiting inos gene transcription. PPE2 protein has a leucine zipper DNA-binding motif and a functional nuclear localization signal. PPE2 was translocated into the macrophage nucleus via the classical importin α/β pathway where it interacted with a GATA-binding site overlapping with the TATA box of inos promoter and inhibited NO production. PPE2 prolonged intracellular survival of a surrogate bacterium M. smegmatis in vitro as well as in vivo. This information is likely to improve our knowledge of host-pathogen interactions during M. tuberculosis infection which is crucial for designing effective anti-TB therapeutics

Rotation of a Stealth CME on 2012 October 5 Observed in the Inner Heliosphere

Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) are subject to changes in their direction of propagation, tilt, and other properties. This is because CMEs interact with the ambient solar wind and other large-scale magnetic field structures. In this work, we report on the observations of the 2012 October 5 stealth CME using coronagraphic and heliospheric images. We find clear evidence of a continuous rotation of the CME, i.e., an increase in the tilt angle, estimated using the Graduated Cylindrical Shell (GCS) reconstruction at different heliocentric distances, up to 58 solar radii. We find a further increase in the tilt at L1 estimated from the toroidal and cylindrical flux rope fitting on the in situ observations of IMF and solar wind parameters. This study highlights the importance of observations of Heliospheric Imager (HI), onboard the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO). In particular, the GCS reconstruction of CMEs in HI field-of-view promises to bridge the gap between the near-Sun and in-situ observations at the L1. The changes in the CME tilt has significant implications for the space weather impact of stealth CMEs.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa

Mycobacterium tuberculosis NAD(+)-dependent DNA ligase is selectively inhibited by glycosylamines compared with human DNA ligase I

DNA ligases are important enzymes which catalyze the joining of nicks between adjacent bases of double-stranded DNA. NAD(+)-dependent DNA ligases (LigA) are essential in bacteria and are absent in humans. They have therefore been identified as novel, validated and attractive drug targets. Using virtual screening against an in-house database of compounds and our recently determined crystal structure of the NAD(+) binding domain of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis LigA, we have identified N(1), N(n)-bis-(5-deoxy-α-d-xylofuranosylated) diamines as a novel class of inhibitors for this enzyme. Assays involving M.tuberculosis LigA, T4 ligase and human DNA ligase I show that these compounds specifically inhibit LigA from M.tuberculosis. In vitro kinetic and inhibition assays demonstrate that the compounds compete with NAD(+) for binding and inhibit enzyme activity with IC(50) values in the µM range. Docking studies rationalize the observed specificities and show that among several glycofuranosylated diamines, bis xylofuranosylated diamines with aminoalkyl and 1, 3-phenylene carbamoyl spacers mimic the binding modes of NAD(+) with the enzyme. Assays involving LigA-deficient bacterial strains show that in vivo inhibition of ligase by the compounds causes the observed antibacterial activities. They also demonstrate that the compounds exhibit in vivo specificity for LigA over ATP-dependent ligase. This class of inhibitors holds out the promise of rational development of new anti-tubercular agents

Jasmonates: An Emerging Approach in Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance

Plant hormones acts as key signaling compounds in plant stress responses and development under biotic and abiotic stresses. The potential roles of phytohormones had been considered so far and copious investigation is going on in finding the impending role of phytohormones in abiotic and biotic stresses. In the list of known classical plant hormones, Jasmonates, [jasmonic acid and its methyl ester (methyl Jasmonates)] have been recently added and shown as potential tool in enhancing tolerance of plants against various physiological processes. These are oxidized lipids (oxylipins) mainly derived from α-linolenic acids (α-LAs), play an active role in senescence through signaling, flower nectar secretion, Gprotein signaling, physiological activities and development in plants. Exogenous application of jasmonates on different plant parts have proved effective in improving plant abiotic stress tolerance particularly salinity, drought, and temperature (low/high) conditions and also in biotic stress tolerance like pathogen attack or wounding by production of defensive secondary metabolites, through the stimulation of phenyl-propanoid metabolism resulted from accumulation of JA in plant cells or tissues. Based on this prolific role of Jasmonates and its derivatives in different fields of biological sciences these phytohormones have opened new vistas and increasing interest in future Agricultural, Biotechnological and Physiological researches

Methanolic extract of Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus Nees leaf induces apoptosis in cancer cells

Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus Nees is a medicinal herb commonly used in traditional folk medicine, and it is known to possess anticancer activity. Here, we explored the anticancer properties of methanolic extract of P. thyrsiflorus leaves in HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines. We observed nuclear fragmentation as indication of apoptosis in the MPT treated cancer cells using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) as well as fluorescent dye. DNA from the treated cells showed characteristic laddering of DNA fragments in agarose gel electrophoresis. Cell populations undergoing secondary necrosis following apoptosis could also be detected in FACS by annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining. Activated caspase-3 in the treated HeLa cells was detected by polyclonal anti-caspase-3 antibody utilizing immunocytochemistry. Using transmission electron microscopy, sub-cellular changes like rough endoplasmic reticulum, swollen mitochondria, distorted mitochondrial membrane, loss of cristae and matrix were observed in the treated HeLa cells. Extensive plasma membrane blebbing was also observed by scanning electron microscopy. Our findings support that Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus leaves are natural source of potent anticancer agent

Methanolic extract of Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus Nees leaf induces apoptosis in cancer cells

153-161Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus Nees is a medicinal herb commonly used in traditional folk medicine, and it is known to possess anticancer activity. Here, we explored the anticancer properties of methanolic extract of P. thyrsiflorus leaves in HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines. We observed nuclear fragmentation as indication of apoptosis in the MPT treated cancer cells using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) as well as fluorescent dye. DNA from the treated cells showed characteristic laddering of DNA fragments in agarose gel electrophoresis. Cell populations undergoing secondary necrosis following apoptosis could also be detected in FACS by annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining. Activated caspase-3 in the treated HeLa cells was detected by polyclonal anti-caspase-3 antibody utilizing immunocytochemistry. Using transmission electron microscopy, sub-cellular changes like rough endoplasmic reticulum, swollen mitochondria, distorted mitochondrial membrane, loss of cristae and matrix were observed in the treated HeLa cells. Extensive plasma membrane blebbing was also observed by scanning electron microscopy. Our findings support that Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus leaves are natural source of potent anticancer agent