Simulation study of two-stroke cycle compression ignition engines

Due to the character of the original source materials and the nature of batch digitization, quality control issues may be present in this document. Please report any quality issues you encounter to [email protected], referencing the URI of the item.Bibliography: leaves 155-158.Not availabl

Assessment of groundwater quality for irrigation use: a peninsular case study

Abstract The grade of irrigation water available to irrigators has a significant impact on crops as well as yields. Therefore, it is a need to better understand irrigation water quality. The present study mainly focuses on the assessment of the suitability of water of forty-four fixed bore wells of Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu, India. The groundwater sample datasets of post-monsoon (2005–2013) and pre-monsoon (2006–2013) season were collected for 9 years. Water quality indices, namely sodium adsorption ratio, exchangeable sodium percent (SSP or %Na), residual sodium carbonate (RSC or RA), Kelly’s ratio, permeability index, chloroalkaline indices (CAI1 and CAI2), potential salinity (PS), magnesium hazard, total dissolved solids and total hardness, have been calculated for separate bore wells. The r 1 and r 2 indices show that groundwater of the study area is Na+–SO4 2− and deep meteoric percolation type. Majority of the wells are fall under moderate to unsuitable category of water for irrigation purposes. Further, wells water has also been classified on the base of meteoric genesis index

Comparative study of Intravenous Dexmedetomidine as Premedication versus supplementation for spinal anaesthesia with Intrathecal 0.75% Isobaric Ropivacaine in elective lower limb surgeries and lower abdominal surgeries: Government general hospital, Nizamabad

Background: Spinal anesthesia is commonly administered intraoperatively. However, relative short duration of action is associated with local anesthetics. A variety of adjuvants is used for prolongation of postoperative analgesia. Aims and Objectives: Comparative analysis of intravenous dexmedetomidine as a premedication and spinal anesthesia treatment with intrathecal isobaric ropivacain of 0.75% in elective lower limb surgery and lower abdominal surgery. Material and Methods: Following approval by the ethical committee, 60 patients scheduled for elective lower limb orthopedic surgery and lower abdominal surgery were chosen and randomized into two groups (n=30). The patient was then intrathecally administered 3 ml amount of 0.75 percent isobaric ropivacaine in lateral location. Another syringe containing dexmedetomidine was given after 10 minutes of placement, for 10 minutes using syringe pump. Comparison of sensory block initiation, analgesic effects and hemodynamic effects was made between the 2 classes. Results: Comparison of age distribution of (P=0.164) was not statistically important. In Group P, the median age was (40.96 ± 15.3 years) and in Group S (44.33 ± 12.66 years)

Finishing Properties of Poly Urethane Coating on Bleached and Ammonia Fumigated Mango Wood Surface

Aims: The impact of bleaching chemicals on the gloss and film thicknesses of poly urethane (PU) coated surface of mango wood (Mangifera indica) with ammonia fumigation and an exposure towards sunlight was investigated Study Design:  Thirty six wood samples of size 10.6 cm (length) C 7.62 cm (width) were prepared from 2.5 cm thick kiln dried mango wood (Mangifera indica). Specimens were divided into six groups, each group having 6 samples for the study. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out in year 2016 at the Laboratory of Forest Product Division, Forest  Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. Methodology: All the samples were sanded with 80 grit size sand paper and coated with poly urethane.  Two chemicals were used for bleaching purpose like an aqueous solution of oxalic acid (H2C2O4) was prepared with 30% concentration (by mixing 42.9 g of the solute in 100 ml of hot water) and a commercially available Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used as such (30%). For the purpose of bleaching, these chemicals were applied on to the sanded surfaces using brush at room temperature. The bleached sample surfaces were allowed to dry before proceeding to the next step. The PU (Poly Urethane) coated samples were treated with ammonia fumigation before and after bleached with the two chemicals. Ammonia fumigation was carried out in a fumigation chamber for 24 hours for all the samples (except T1). Results: On exposure to natural sunlight for 60 hours, all the samples showed reduction in film thickness in PU coating but in a wide range of 2.8 % to 11.4%. The highest loss of coating thickness was shown by samples which were neither fumigated nor bleached. Among the fumigated samples, those bleached with oxalic acid resulted in high film thickness loss. Samples bleached with hydrogen peroxide after ammonia fumigation resulted in least film thickness reduction. Both ammonia fumigation and bleaching in general brought down the original gloss of poly urethane coating. The gloss value reduced as expected on exposure to sunlight. Bleaching by hydrogen peroxide prior to ammonia fumigation resulted in highest loss in gloss     Conclusion: The un-fumigated and unbleached surface resulted in minimum gloss reduction due to long exposure to sunlight

Knowledge about different rehabilitation options in geriatric population: An original research

Aim: The purpose of the present research was to evaluate the need for rehabilitation and various options for consideration amongst the geriatric population. Methodology: One hundred and three geriatric subjects aged between 65 to 90 years were enrolled. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire designed to obtain information regarding home care and geriatric rehabilitation care. Results: Sixty (58.2%) were females and 43 (41.7%) were males. The majority were <80 years of age, 82 (79.6%). Around 52 (50.5%) subjects knew about rehabilitation care and most believed that geriatric rehabilitation care is beneficial. Sixty-four (62.1%) subjects were involved in socialization once a week, 29 (28.2%) once in a month, 6 (5.8%) biannually and 4 (3.9%) marked not at all. Among all, 41% reported being isolated, and 86% were getting enough psychiatric/physical care at home. Conclusion: Although 52 (50.5%) of the study subjects reported knowing geriatric rehabilitation care due to limited education as well as lack of access led to more neglect of the elderly. There is a need to design and conduct rehabilitation programs to control morbidity and improve the quality of the geriatric population

Is the absence of Right Hepatic Vein opening into Inferior Vena Cava a contraindication for right lobe liver donation in Living Donor Liver Transplantation? Common hepatic venous trunk—A rare hepatic vein anomaly: A case report and review

Introduction: In majority of the living liver donors, the left and the middle hepatic veins form a common trunk and the right hepatic vein drains by a separate trunk into the IVC forming two ostial openings. Presentation of Case: This report presents a rare challenge to the operating surgeon in which the three major hepatic veins form a common trunk and drain into the IVC through a single ostial opening. It was detected preoperatively by the routine donor imaging studies. Discussion: To our knowledge, this type of rare venous anatomy in the setting of living donor liver transplantation has not been described in the literature before. A few studies have described similar anatomy in the cadaveric liver specimen of some particular ethnicity. Conclusion: This type of a rare anomaly poses challenge to the donor operation and requires a sound expertise on the knowledge of hepatic venous anatomy to perform the donor hepatectomy with the appropriate maneuvering