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<span style="font-size:15.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-IN;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">Cultivation of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis</i> in low cost seawater based medium for extraction of value added pigments</span>

384-393<span style="font-size:9.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:="" "times="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-in;mso-fareast-language:en-us;="" mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">A low cost medium using seawater and prawn hatchery waste water was developed for the cultivation of an economically important cyanobacterium Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis.  Quality of the biomass produced was evaluated on the basis of protein and pigment contents (phycocyanin, chlorophyll-a and total carotenoids). A three step process was used for the downstream processing of the biomass produced to obtain a value added pigment phycocyanin. It is evident from the results that there was a negligible effect on growth rate (3-14% decline) in the amended seawater medium as compared to the prescribed growth medium. Phycocyanin content was also comparable (<span style="font-size:9.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: " times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:="" "times="" roman";color:black;mso-ansi-language:en-in;mso-fareast-language:="" en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">50.9±<span style="font-size:9.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-in;mso-fareast-language:="" en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">0.48 mg/g for amended seawater and 50.95±0.47 mg/g for prescribed medium).  Purity of phycocyanin (A620/A280) was in the range of 3.08-3.27 which corresponds to superior quality colorant grade phycocyanin. This investigation provides baseline information about utilization of seawater for biomass production of S.platensis, and also for further downstream processing of biomass for the recovery of high purity phycocyanin.</span

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Not AvailableThree nursery rearing trials were conducted to overcome the inconsistent survival of megalopa of the giant mud crab Scylla serrata (Forskal, 1775) during metamorphosis to crab instar. In the first trial, 3-4 days old megalopa (4.73 mg mean body weight) were stocked in hapas erected in outdoor brackishwater ponds and indoor fiberglass (FRP) tanks at densities of 500 nos. m-2 and 1 no. l-1 respectively and reared for 15 days using minced clam meat (Meretrix casta) as feed. Outdoor hapas were provided with seaweed, Gracilaria tenuistipitata as shelter. Mean survival rate of crab instar following three consecutive runs were significantly higher (p<0.05) for megalopa reared in outdoor hapas (57.7±2.7%) over indoor FRP tanks (24.1±2.2%). To ascertain the life stage that yields optimal survival on weaning from indoor hatchery to ponds, zoea 5 (Z5) and megalopa 1-day old (M1), 2-day old (M2), 3-day old (M3) and 4-day old (M4) were reared in hapas for15 days and fed on minced clam meat. Three day and 4-day old megalopa demonstrated significantly higher survival rates (p<0.05) of 62.3±3.08% and 69.6±2.35% respectively to crab instar stage at conclusion of the trial. Megalopa (3-4 days old, 5.05 mg mean body weight) were stocked to 100 l tanks (stocking density - 1 no. 4 l-1) and reared for a period of 8 days using different feeds viz., artemia biomass (T1), minced clam meat (T2), crab larvae (T3) and artemia nauplii (T4) in the third trial to evaluate various production parameters. Crab instar conversion rate (number of crab instars/number of megalopa stocked × 100) was significantly higher (p<0.0001) for megalopa fed using artemia biomass (T1) and minced clam meat (T2) at 74.66±5.81% and 72.00±2.30% respectively. Results of the present study indicate that, high density rearing (500 no. m-2) of megalopa (3-4 days old) in outdoor hapas provided with seaweed refuge for short periods (15 days) would yield higher survival rate to crab stage. Nursery rearingNot Availabl

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Not AvailableAn eight-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary krill meal inclusion in diets with moderate (12pert) and low (6pert) fishmeal concentrations for Penaeus vannamei. Inasmuch, eight iso‑nitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain 36pert crude protein and 5.5pert crude lipid. In the moderate-fishmeal diets, krill meal was included at 0, 2, 4 and 6pert (called FK12:0, FK12:2, FK12:4 and FK12:6, respectively), likewise in the low-fishmeal diets, krill meal was included at the same concentrations of 0–6pert (called FK6:0, FK6:2, FK6:4 and FK6:6, respectively). Shrimp with a starting body weight of 0.55 ± 0.02 g were stocked at 22 animals per tank of 350 l capacity and fed three times daily. Results revealed that dietary krill meal and fish meal inclusion levels significantly increased growth performance (P 0.05). Survival was significantly increased in the groups containing 6 and 4pert krill meal diets compared to 0pert krill meal diet (P < 0.05). Inclusion levels of krill meal showed non-significant differences in post-fed body composition except for crude lipid and crude fibre content. Fishmeal inclusion levels showed significant (P < 0.05) variation in C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C16:1,C18:1n-9, C18:2n-6, C22:6n-3, n-3/n-6 ratio, whereas krill meal inclusion levels showed significant variation in the all n-3 fatty acids only. Immune-related gene expression was significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated in the shrimp fed high fishmeal diets (12pert) for all the analyzed genes ProPhenoloxidase (ProPO), ProPhenoloxidase activating enzyme (PPAE), Serine Protease (SP), β-1, 3-glucan-binding protein (BGBP), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Hemocyanin (HC). The dietary change led to a significant difference in both histology and haematology parameters (P < 0.05). The results inferred that krill meal could be used as a potential functional feed ingredient in Penaeus vannamei.The present study suggested beneficial effects of krill meal in shrimp diets. The levels of fishmeal inclusion (12 and 6pert) also showed significant (P < 0.05) variations in various growth performance parameters. It is plausible that an inclusion level of 4pert is the minimum for a measurable difference in growth performance.Not Availabl