Morpheme-specific Phonology in Reduplication

This paper examines two case studies of morpheme-specific reduplication that copy from a syntactic domain larger than a root but smaller than a word, providing an analysis in Cophonologies by Phase (CBP) of both morpheme-specific phonotactic requirements in different reduplication processes and of the amount of structure copied in reduplication. The first case study comes from Guébie (Kru, Ivory Coast), where reduplication marks both nominalization and reciprocals (among others). In both morphosyntactic environments, reduplication copies the verb plus valency-changing affixes, but the reduplicants are subject to different sets of phonotactic restrictions. The second case study comes from Kinande (Bantu, Democratic Republic of Congo) where there is reduplication of nouns as well as verbs. Nominal and verbal reduplication both involve a two-syllable reduplicant that copies from the root plus some--but not all--affixes, and both are subject to a morpheme integrity constraint. However, the two reduplication processes differ in whether they are prefixing or suffixing, whether they copy from right-to-left or left-to-right, and in which repair to the morpheme integrity constraint is preferred.While other frameworks such as traditional Cophonology Theory, Stratal OT, or Indexed Constraints could also account for the morpheme-specific phonological behavior of reduplicants, CBP has the added benefit of straightforwardly accounting for the amount of structure that serves as the base of reduplication in each case. This paper contributes to the growing literature on morphophonological interactions that can be accounted for within CBP

Are phonological features of roots in syntax? Evidence from Guébie

Based on original field data, I demonstrate that in Guébie (Kru, Niger-Congo), third person pronouns phonologically resemble their antecedents. This system, along with other phonologically determined agreement systems, pose problems for our traditional Y-model of grammar, which assumes that phonological features are not present in the syntax (cf. DM, Marantz 1995), thus morphosyntactic processes like agreement should not be able to access phonological features. Here I address the question of whether phonologically determined agreement systems can be modeled without requiring syntax to be sensitive to phonological features. To do this I argue that pronouns select for an NP complement (cf. Elbourne 2001), where the pronoun enters into an agree relation with its NP complement. When spelled out, the morphologically agreeing heads must be phonologically similar, and this overt agreement licenses ellipsis of the NP

Geminates and Weight in Amharic

Moraic Theory (Hayes 1989) predicts the existence of a language that classifies CVC syllables as light and syllables with a geminate coda (CVG) as heavy. Until now, no such language has been attested (Tranel 1991; Davis 2011). We propose that Amharic, a Semitic language spoken in Ethiopia, fits this pattern. Using data collected through eight months of fieldwork with two Amharic speakers, we demonstrate that two independent processes of the language, stress and reduplication, serve as evidence that geminate codas but not other codas are moraic in Amharic

Ivaretakelse av barn som pårørende

Bakgrunn: Når alvorlig sykdom rammer en familie, havner barn i en sårbar situasjon. Det gjør at barn blir pårørende, som kan ha en negativ innvirkning på barnets daglige liv, sosiale relasjoner og deres generelle utvikling. I slike situasjoner er det derfor avgjørende at barn blir ivaretatt og møtt med innsikt og forståelse av voksne, helsepersonell eller av et hjelpeapparat. Problemstilling: Hvordan blir barn ivaretatt av helsepersonell når et familiemedlem er kritisk sykt? Metode: Gjennom systematisk litteratursøk har det blitt anvendt fire kvalitative studier. Studiene er foretatt i Norge og Sverige, og baseres på to ulike perspektiv, fra perspektivet til barn som pårørende og fra perspektivet til sykepleierne. Dataene har videre blitt analysert etter Fribergs femtrinns analysemodell. Resultat: Hovedfunnene deles inn i fire kategorier; omsorg fra sykepleierne og relasjons-bygging med barn, økt kompetanse for å ivareta barn, sykepleierens behov for informasjon og veiledning og barnas behov for støtte. Disse peker på hvilke tiltak som er nødvendig for å ivareta barn som pårørende. Konklusjon: Studien indikerer et behov for systematiske endringer gjennom implementering av retningslinjer, internundervisning i sykepleieutdanningen og i avdelingene. Dette må gjøres for å optimalisere praksis og styrke sykepleiernes evne til å ivareta barn som pårørende. Nøkkelord: Barn, pårørende, familie, omsorgspersoner, sykepleie, kritisk sykdomBackground: When serious illness strikes a family, children end up in a vulnerable situation. This means that children become next of kin, which can have a negative impact on the child's daily life, social relationships and their general development. In such situations, it is therefore crucial that children are looked after and met with insight and understanding by adults, health personnel or by an assistive personnel. Problem: How are children cared for by healthcare personnel when a family member is critically ill? Method: Through a systematic literature search, four qualitative studies have been used. The studies have been carried out in Norway and Sweden, and are based on two different perspectives, from the perspective of children as next of kin and from the perspective of the nurses. The data has also been analyzed according to Friberg's five-step analysis model. Result: The main findings are divided into four categories; care from the nurses and relationship-building with children, increased competence to look after children, the nurse's need for information and guidance and the children's need for support. These indicate which measures are necessary to look after children as relatives. Conclusion: The study indicates a need for systematic changes through the implementation of guidelines, internal teaching in nursing education and in the departments. This must be done to optimize practice and strengthen nurses' ability to look after children as next of. Keywords: Children, relatives, family, caregivers, nursing care, critical illnes

Eumycetoma causative agents:A systematic review to inform the World Health Organization priority list of fungal pathogens

The World Health Organization, in response to the growing burden of fungal disease, established a process to develop a fungal priority pathogens list. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the epidemiology and impact of eumycetoma. PubMed and Web of Science were searched to identify studies published between 1 January 2011 and 19 February 2021. Studies reporting on mortality, inpatient care, complications and sequelae, antifungal susceptibility, risk factors, preventability, annual incidence, global distribution, and emergence during the study time frames were selected. Overall, 14 studies were eligible for inclusion. Morbidity was frequent with moderate to severe impairment of quality of life in 60.3%, amputation in up to 38.5%, and recurrent or long-term disease in 31.8%-73.5% of patients. Potential risk factors included male gender (56.6%-79.6%), younger age (11-30 years; 64%), and farming occupation (62.1%-69.7%). Mycetoma was predominantly reported in Sudan, particularly in central Sudan (37%-76.6% of cases). An annual incidence of 0.1/100 000 persons and 0.32/100  000 persons/decade was reported in the Philippines and Uganda, respectively. In Uganda, a decline in incidence from 3.37 to 0.32/100  000 persons between two consecutive 10-year periods (2000-2009 and 2010-2019) was detected. A community-based, multi-pronged prevention programme was associated with a reduction in amputation rates from 62.8% to 11.9%. With the pre-specified criteria, no studies of antifungal drug susceptibility, mortality, and hospital lengths of stay were identified. Future research should include larger cohort studies, greater drug susceptibility testing, and global surveillance to develop evidence-based treatment guidelines and to determine more accurately the incidence and trends over time.</p

African linguistics on the prairie: Selected papers from the 45th Annual Conference on African Linguistics

African Linguistics on the Prairie&nbsp;features select revised peer-reviewed papers from the 45th Annual Conference on African Linguistics, held at the University of Kansas. The articles in this volume reflect the enormous diversity of African languages, as they focus on languages from all of the major African language phyla.&nbsp; The articles here also reflect the many different research perspectives that frame the work of linguists in the Association for Contemporary African Linguistics. The diversity of views presented in this volume are thus indicative of the vitality of current African linguistics research. The work presented in this volume represents both descriptive and theoretical methodologies and covers fields ranging from phonetics, phonology, morphology, typology, syntax, and semantics to sociolinguistics, discourse analysis, language acquisition, computational linguistics and beyond.&nbsp; This broad scope and the quality of the articles contained within holds out the promise of continued advancement in linguistic research on African languages

African linguistics on the prairie: Selected papers from the 45th Annual Conference on African Linguistics

African Linguistics on the Prairie&nbsp;features select revised peer-reviewed papers from the 45th Annual Conference on African Linguistics, held at the University of Kansas. The articles in this volume reflect the enormous diversity of African languages, as they focus on languages from all of the major African language phyla.&nbsp; The articles here also reflect the many different research perspectives that frame the work of linguists in the Association for Contemporary African Linguistics. The diversity of views presented in this volume are thus indicative of the vitality of current African linguistics research. The work presented in this volume represents both descriptive and theoretical methodologies and covers fields ranging from phonetics, phonology, morphology, typology, syntax, and semantics to sociolinguistics, discourse analysis, language acquisition, computational linguistics and beyond.&nbsp; This broad scope and the quality of the articles contained within holds out the promise of continued advancement in linguistic research on African languages

African linguistics on the prairie: Selected papers from the 45th Annual Conference on African Linguistics

African Linguistics on the Prairie&nbsp;features select revised peer-reviewed papers from the 45th Annual Conference on African Linguistics, held at the University of Kansas. The articles in this volume reflect the enormous diversity of African languages, as they focus on languages from all of the major African language phyla.&nbsp; The articles here also reflect the many different research perspectives that frame the work of linguists in the Association for Contemporary African Linguistics. The diversity of views presented in this volume are thus indicative of the vitality of current African linguistics research. The work presented in this volume represents both descriptive and theoretical methodologies and covers fields ranging from phonetics, phonology, morphology, typology, syntax, and semantics to sociolinguistics, discourse analysis, language acquisition, computational linguistics and beyond.&nbsp; This broad scope and the quality of the articles contained within holds out the promise of continued advancement in linguistic research on African languages

African linguistics on the prairie: Selected papers from the 45th Annual Conference on African Linguistics

African Linguistics on the Prairie&nbsp;features select revised peer-reviewed papers from the 45th Annual Conference on African Linguistics, held at the University of Kansas. The articles in this volume reflect the enormous diversity of African languages, as they focus on languages from all of the major African language phyla.&nbsp; The articles here also reflect the many different research perspectives that frame the work of linguists in the Association for Contemporary African Linguistics. The diversity of views presented in this volume are thus indicative of the vitality of current African linguistics research. The work presented in this volume represents both descriptive and theoretical methodologies and covers fields ranging from phonetics, phonology, morphology, typology, syntax, and semantics to sociolinguistics, discourse analysis, language acquisition, computational linguistics and beyond.&nbsp; This broad scope and the quality of the articles contained within holds out the promise of continued advancement in linguistic research on African languages