Assessment of Factors Influencing Urban Development; a Case Study of Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University Campus

Our cities have been rapidly developing both vertically and horizontally in recent years due to the increasing urban population, advancing technology, and the desire to utilize urban investment areas. The direction of urban development is determined by many factors such as social, cultural, economic, and transportation, which influence and shape the cities’ growth. In addition to these factors, structures with high usage attractiveness such as hospitals, shopping malls, sports complexes, and university campuses play a significant role in directing the development of the city. This study evaluates the impact of Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University Campus on the direction of urban development and determines whether it has the potential to accelerate urban transformation and urban sprawl. In the study, the university’s historical process was evaluated, and breakpoints where the number of students, faculties, and departments increased in campus development were determined. Based on these breakpoints, the direction of urban development in Niğde city was evaluated using geographic information systems (GIS) and satellite images from the specified dates to assess the development direction of residential areas

Procedural sedation protocols with or without ketamine in pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy: A retrospective cohort study

Objective: A considerable difference exists in pediatric endoscopy sedation practices with the optimal sedation protocol for gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy a subject of controversy and to investigate the safety and efficacy of sedation protocols with or without ketamine in procedural sedation for pediatric GI endoscopy. Materials and Methods: A total of 78 pediatric patients who received sedation anesthesia for GI endoscopy were included in this retrospective study. Anesthesia parameters include duration time, doses of anesthetic agents, Ramsay sedation score, respiratory and hemodynamic parameters, recovery time, modified Aldrete recovery scores, and side effects. Study parameters were evaluated with respect to ketamine dose (no ketamine group (NKG), low-dose ketamine group (LDKG, ≤0.75 mg/kg), and high-dose ketamine group (HDKG, ≥1 mg/kg). Results: The upper GI endoscopy rate (58.12% vs. 90.0%, p=0.001) was significantly lower in LDKG versus HDKG. No significant changes were observed in blood pressure levels, oxygen saturation, or heart rate compared to baseline levels. No significant difference was noted between study groups in terms of recovery time, modified Aldrete recovery scores, and nausea/vomiting. Final Ramsay sedation scores were significantly higher in NKG (p<0.05) and LDKG (p<0.01) than in HDKG. Conclusion: Our findings indicate a favorable safety and efficacy profile for ketamine as a useful adjunct to procedural sedation for pediatric GI endoscopy, enabling better quality of sedation with a low risk of cardiorespiratory suppression, or serious complications

Fuzzy Logic Preanesthetic Risk Evaluation of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Operations

Background and Objective Pre-operative risk classification of patients undergoing anesthesia is an essential interest and has been the focus of many research and categorizations. On the other hand, the ideal categorization system, based on medical doctors' clinical experience and cooperation with other disciplines, has not been developed yet. Methods In this study, 218 consecutive patient undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy operations were included. A novel fuzzy logic evaluation model consisting of 270 rules was constructed. Five major (pulmonary, cardiac, diabetes mellitus and renal or liver disease) and three minor criteria (patients & apos; age, cigarette smoking and body mass index) were chosen to be used during high-risk groups determination. Results The verification of the success of risk value decision with the proposed novel fuzzy logic algorithm is the main goal of this study. On the other hand, though not essential aim, a statistical consistency check was also included to have a deeper understanding and evaluation of the graphical results. During the statistical analysis the 0-30%, 30-60% and 60-90% risk ranges were found to be in a very strong positive relationship with complication occurrence. In this study, 172, 31, 15 patients were in 0-30, 30-60 and 60-90% risk ranges, respectively. Complication rates were 7/172 (4.07%) in 0-30% range, 3/31 (9.68%) in 30-60% range; and 2/15 (13.33%) in 60-90% range. Conclusions Fuzzy based risk classification model was successfully used to predict medical results for patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy operations and reliable deductions were reached