36,247 research outputs found
Sea Contributions to Spin 1/2 Baryon Structure, Magnetic Moments, and Spin Distribution
We treat the baryon as a composite system made out of a \lq\lq core" of three
quarks (as in the standard quark model) surrounded by a \lq\lq sea" (of gluons
and -pairs) which is specified by its total quantum numbers like
flavor, spin and color. Specifically, we assume the sea to be a flavor octet
with spin 0 or 1 but no color. The general wavefunction for spin 1/2 baryons
with such a sea component is given. Application to the magnetic moments is
considered. Numerical analysis shows that a scalar (spin 0) sea with an
admixture of a vector (spin 1) sea can provide very good fits to the magnetic
moment data {\em using experimental errors}. Our best fit automatically gives
for neutron beta decay in agreement with data. This fit also gives
reasonable values for the spin distributions of the proton and neutron.Comment: 24 pages, REVTEX. References modifie
Role of resonances in rho^0 -> pi^+ pi^- gamma
We study the effect of the sigma(600) and a_1(1260) resonances in the rho^0
-> pi^+ pi^- gamma decay, within the meson dominance model. Major effects are
driven by the mass and width parameters of the sigma(600), and the usually
neglected contribution of the a_1(1260), although small by itself, may become
sizable through its interference with pion bremsstrahlung, and the proper
relative sign can favor the central value of the experimental branching ratio.
We present a procedure, using the gauge invariant structure of the resonant
amplitudes, to kinematically enhance the resonant effects in the angular and
energy distribution of the photon. We also elaborate on the coupling constants
involved.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in PR
Ultrasonic cavity solitons
We report on a new type of localized structure, an ultrasonic cavity soliton,
supported by large aspect-ratio acoustic resonators containing viscous media.
The spatio-temporal dynamics of this system is analyzed on the basis of a
generalized Swift-Hohenberg equation, derived from the microscopic equations
under conditions close to nascent bistability. These states of the acoustic and
thermal fields are robust structures, existing whenever a spatially uniform
solution and a periodic pattern coexist. An analytical solution for the
ultrasonic cavity soliton is also presented
Electron and Phonon Temperature Relaxation in Semiconductors Excited by Thermal Pulse
Electron and phonon transient temperatures are analyzed in the case of
nondegenerate semiconductors. An analytical solution is obtained for
rectangular laser pulse absorption. It is shown that thermal diffusion is the
main energy relaxation mechanism in the phonon subsystem. The mechanism depends
on the correlation between the sample length and the electron cooling length in
an electron subsystem. Energy relaxation occurs by means of the electron
thermal diffusion in thin samples (), and by means of the electron-phonon
energy interaction in thick samples (). Characteristic relaxation times are
obtained for all the cases, and analysis of these times is made. Electron and
phonon temperature distributions in short and long samples are qualitatively
and quantitatively analyzed for different correlations between the laser pulse
duration and characteristic times.Comment: 33 pages, 16 figure
Constraints on a possible variation of the fine structure constant from galaxy cluster data
We propose a new method to probe a possible time evolution of the fine
structure constant from X-ray and Sunyaev-Zeldovich measurements of
the gas mass fraction () in galaxy clusters. Taking into account a
direct relation between variations of and violations of the
distance-duality relation, we discuss constraints on for a class of
dilaton runaway models. Although not yet competitive with bounds from high-
quasar absorption systems, our constraints, considering a sample of 29
measurements of , in the redshift interval , provide
an independent estimate of variation at low and intermediate
redshifts. Furthermore, current and planned surveys will provide a larger
amount of data and thus allow to improve the limits on variation
obtained in the present analysis.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in JCA
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