Measuring Spatiality in Infrastructure and Development of High School Education in Hooghly District of West Bengal, India

An increasing access and enrolment do not necessarily ensure school effectiveness or educational progress. They are, of course, other parameters of development of education, rather than being measures of standards of quality education. The present paper opts to scrutinize whether infrastructural development in schools at all ensures good educational development or not. To accomplish this, Education Infrastructural Index has been prepared through Access, Facility and Teacher Index whereas a combination of Enrollment Index and Literacy Index gave rise Educational Development Index. The study reveals that accessibility factor begets a division within rural spaces in the form of backward rural, rural and prosperous rural that manifests through the availability of the teachers and facilities. In the urban areas, wherein accessibility is not a matter of concern, facilities and teachers matter in making difference between the less developed and developed urban areas. The higher Educational Development Index at the non-rural areas indicates town- centric nature of the development of our educational system. Superimposition of the infrastructural and developmental parameters revealed that good infrastructure does not always ensure good educational achievement. In the light of these backdrops, the key purpose of this article is to measuring spatiality in infrastructure and development of high school education in Hooghly District of West Bengal, India

Comparative morpho-micrometric analysis of some Bauhinia species (Leguminosae) from east coast region of Odisha, India

Bauhinia vahlii has been reported for several medicinal properties, such as tyrosinase inhibitory, immunomodulatory and free radical scavenging activities. Bauhinia tomentosa and Bauhinia racemosa also possess anti-diabetic, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-obesity and antihyperlipidemic activities. Therefore, the correct identification of these plants is critically important. The aim was to investigate the comparative morpho-micrometric analysis of 3 species of Bauhinia belonging to the family Leguminosae (Fabaceae) by using conventional as well as scanning electron microscopy to support species identification. In B. racemosa, epidermal cells are polygonal with anticlinical walls; whereas wavy walled cells are found in B. tomentosa and B. vahlii. Anisocytic stomata are present in B. racemosa, while B. tomentosa shows the presence of paracytic stomata and anomocytic stomata in B. vahlii. Stomatal numbers and stomatal indices were found to be more in B. vahlii than B. tomentosa and B. racemosa. On the other hand, uniseriate, unicellular covering trichomes are found in B. racemosa and B. tomentosa but B. vahlii contains only uniseriate, multicellular covering trichomes. Based on these micromorphological features, a diagnostic key was developed for identification of the particular species which helps a lot in pharmaceutical botany, taxonomy and horticulture, in terms of species identification

Comparative morpho-micrometric analysis of some Bauhinia species (Leguminosae) from east coast region of Odisha, India

169-184Bauhinia vahlii has been reported for several medicinal properties, such as tyrosinase inhibitory, immunomodulatory and free radical scavenging activities. Bauhinia tomentosa and Bauhinia racemosa also possess anti-diabetic, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-obesity and antihyperlipidemic activities. Therefore, the correct identification of these plants is critically important. The aim was to investigate the comparative morpho-micrometric analysis of 3 species of Bauhinia belonging to the family Leguminosae (Fabaceae) by using conventional as well as scanning electron microscopy to support species identification. In B. racemosa, epidermal cells are polygonal with anticlinical walls; whereas wavy walled cells are found in B. tomentosa and B. vahlii. Anisocytic stomata are present in B. racemosa, while B. tomentosa shows the presence of paracytic stomata and anomocytic stomata in B. vahlii. Stomatal numbers and stomatal indices were found to be more in B. vahlii than B. tomentosa and B. racemosa. On the other hand, uniseriate, unicellular covering trichomes are found in B. racemosa and B. tomentosa but B. vahlii contains only uniseriate, multicellular covering trichomes. Based on these micromorphological features, a diagnostic key was developed for identification of the particular species which helps a lot in pharmaceutical botany, taxonomy and horticulture, in terms of species identification

Heterocyclic steroids. Part II. Synthesis of (±)-8-hydroxy-3-methoxy-11-aza-18-norestra-1,3,5(10),9(11)-tetraen-17-one and related compounds

5-Oxo-2-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)cyclopent-1-enylacetic acid (II), readily available from 2-acetyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-methoxynaphthalene (I), was hydrogenated and then oxidised with chromic acid to give the dioxo-acid (IV). By a modified Curtius rearrangement this afforded (±)-9(11)-didehydro-8-hydroxy-11-aza-18-norestrone 3-methyl ether (IX), the hydroxy-group being presumably introduced through autoxidation. In contrast, similar treatment of the 13-methyl acids (V) and (VI) of the natural series gave the 3-methyl ethers of 9(11)-didehydro-11-aza-estrone (X) and -17β-estradiol (XI), which do not undergo oxidation in air

Synthesis of (±)-3-methoxy-6,15-diazaestra-1,3,5,7,9,14-hexaene

(±)-3-Methoxy-6,15-diazaestra-1,3,5,7,9,14-hexaene (IX) has been synthesised from 3-methoxy-8-methyl-9,10-dihydrophenanthridin-7(8H)-one (IV)via a modified Curtius rearrangement of the intermediate Michael condensation product (VI)

Classic polyarteritis nodosa in childhood

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a medium-sized vessel vasculitis that usually occurs in 40-60 years of age. It is a rare multisystemic disease that is frequently associated with cutaneous manifestation. It rarely occurs in childhood. We herewith report a case of classic PAN in a 6-years-old boy with digital gangrene

Prevalence of skin changes in diabetes mellitus and its correlation with internal diseases: A single center observational study

Background and Aim: This single-center observational cross-sectional study has been done in an attempt to find out the prevalence of various skin manifestations in diabetes patients (DM) and their correlation with diabetes control and complications. Materials and Methods: Skin manifestations present over 12 months among those attend diabetes clinic were included in the study. Apart from demographic data and type, patients were also screened for micro vascular complications and control of diabetes over last 3 months. Results and Discussion: Sixty (n = 60) diabetes patisents (Type 1 DM, 9 patients and Type 2 DM 51 patients) have been found to have various skin lesions. Thirty-one (51.67%) patients presented with infectious conditions, vascular complications were present in 21 (35%) and dermatomes belonging to the miscellaneous group were present in 50 (83.33%) patients. Pyoderma, diabetic dermopathy, and pruritus without skin lesions were found to be most common manifestations in infective, vascular and miscellaneous group, respectively. Higher level of HB1 AC was found in patient with diabetic bulla (10.5 ± 0), scleredema (9.75 ± 0.77), lichen planus (9.3 ± 1.6), and acanthosis nigricans (9.15 ± 0.89). Patients with psoriasis and vitiligo had statistically significant lower level of glycosylated hemoglobin (P =< 0.001 and 0.03, respectively). However, no association of any kind of skin manifestation with DM with other microangiopathic complications was found in this study

Synthesis of sulphacetamide sodium by ultrasonic irradiation

293-294An efficient method for synthesis of sulphacetamide sodium by ultrasonic irradiation at room temperature is described. Quality of product prepared by this method has been found to be comparable with standard methods using refluxing conditions

Semiconducting selenium nanoparticles: Structural, electrical characterization, and formation of a back-to-back Schottky diode device

Well crystalline selenium nanoparticles having an optical band gap of 2.95 eV have been synthesized using oxalic acid. Microstructural parameters such as crystallite size, lattice strain, cell parameters, and unit cell volume are estimated from X-ray diffraction line profile analysis by Rietveld refinement technique. dc and ac transport properties of the nanoparticles in the temperature range 300K <= T <= 390K and frequency range 20 Hz <= f <= 2 MHz have also been studied. The values of dc activation energies in the low and high temperature regions are found to be 0.083 eV and 0.382 eV, respectively. The charge transport mechanism of the sample follows correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model and the calculated value of barrier height and relaxation time is 0.786 eV and 2.023 x 10(-11) s, respectively, while grain boundary contribution being greater than the grain contribution. Considering metal electrode-semiconductor contact as a back-to-back Schottky diode device, analysis of the current-voltage and capacitance-voltage characteristics is done to extract the Schottky barrier heights, ideality parameters, built in voltage, and charge density. With +/- 40V sweep the capacitance versus voltage characteristics of the sample shows hysteresis behavior which may be attributed to the presence of deep traps. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4796106