Picosecond carrier dynamics induced by coupling of wavefunctions in a Si-nanodisk array fabricated by neutral beam etching using bio-nano-templates

The picosecond carrier dynamics in a closely packed Si-nanodisk (Si-ND) array with ultrathin potential barrier fabricated by neutral beam etching using bio-nano-templates was investigated by time-resolved photoluminescence (PL). The PL decay curves were analyzed as a function of photon energy by the global fitting method. We show three spectral components with different decay times, where the systematic energy differences of the spectral peaks are clarified: 2.03 eV for the fastest decaying component with a decay time τ = 40 ps, 2.02 eV for τ = 300 ps, and 2.00 eV for τ = 1.6 ns. These energy separations ranging from 10 to 30 meV among the emissive states can be attributed to the coupling of wavefunctions of carriers between neighboring NDs

A New Experimental Approach to Evaluate Plasma-induced Damage in Microcantilever

Plasma  etching,  during  micro-fabrication  processing  is  indispensable  for  fabricating  MEMS  structures.  During  the plasma  processes,  two  major matters,  charged  ions  and  vacuum–ultraviolet  (VUV)  irradiation  damage,  take  charge  of reliability  degradation.  The  charged  ions  induce  unwanted  sidewall  etching,  generally  called  as  “notching”,  which causes  degradation  in  brittle  strength.  Furthermore,  the  VUV  irradiation  gives  rise  to  crystal  defects  on  the  etching surface.  To  overcome  the  problem,  neutral  beam  etching  (NBE),  which  use  neutral  particles  without  the  VUV irradiation,  has  been  developed.  In  order  to  evaluate  the  effect  of  the  NBE  quantitatively,  we  measured  the  resonance property of a micro-cantilever before and after NBE treatment. The thickness of damage layer (δ) times the imaginary part  of  the  complex  Young's  modulus  (Eds)  were  then  compared,  which  is  a  parameter  of  surface  damage.  Although plasma processes  make the initial surface of cantilevers damaged during their fabrication, the removal of that damage by NBE was confirmed as the reduction in δEds. NBE will realize a damage-free surface for microstructures

日本のアパレル企業の中国進出に関する阻害要因の探索

信州大学(Shinshu university)博士（学術）この博士論文は、次の学術雑誌論文を使用しています。 / 日本感性工学会論文誌 20(3) :319-327(2021); doi:10.5057/jjske.TJSKE-D-21-00048 © 2020 日本感性工学会 / International Journal of Affective Engineering 20(1) :41-48(2021); doi:10.5057/ijae.IJAE-D-20-00025 © 2021 Japan Society of Kansei Engineering / 日本感性工学会論文誌 19(2) :181-188(2020); doi:10.5057/jjske.TJSKE-D-19-00057 © 2020 日本感性工学会Thesis寒川　雅彦. 日本のアパレル企業の中国進出に関する阻害要因の探索. 信州大学, 2021, 博士論文. 博士（学術）, 甲第93号, 令和03年09月30日授与.doctoral thesi

Efficacy and safety of luseogliflozin added to various oral antidiabetic drugs in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Introduction: Two studies were carried out to investigate the efficacy and safety of luseogliflozin added to existing oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled with OAD monotherapy. Materials and Methods: In the trial involving add‐on to sulfonylureas (study 03‐1), patients were randomly assigned to receive luseogliflozin 2.5 mg or a placebo for a 24‐week double‐blind period, followed by a 28‐week open‐label period. In the open‐label trial involving add‐on to other OADs; that is, biguanides, dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, glinides and α‐glucosidase inhibitors (study 03‐2), patients received luseogliflozin for 52 weeks. Results: In study 03‐1, luseogliflozin significantly decreased glycated hemoglobin at the end of the 24‐week double‐blind period compared with the placebo (–0.88%, P < 0.001), and glycated hemoglobin reduction from baseline at week 52 was –0.63%. In study 03‐2, luseogliflozin added to other OADs significantly decreased glycated hemoglobin from baseline at week 52 (–0.52 to –0.68%, P < 0.001 for all OADs). Bodyweight reduction was observed in all add‐on therapies, even with agents associated with weight gain, such as sulfonylureas and thiazolidinediones. Most adverse events were mild in severity. When added to a sulfonylurea, incidences of hypoglycemia during the double‐blind period were 8.7% and 4.2% for luseogliflozin and placebo, respectively, but no major hypoglycemic episodes occurred. The frequency and incidences of adverse events of special interest for sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and adverse events associated with combined OADs were acceptable. Conclusions: Add‐on therapies of luseogliflozin to existing OADs improved glycemic control, reduced bodyweight and were well tolerated in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. These trials were registered with the Japan Pharmaceutical Information Center (add on to sulfonylurea: JapicCTI‐111507; add on to other OADs: JapicCTI‐111508)

Simulations of electromagnetic effects in high frequency capacitively coupled discharges using the Darwin approximation

The Darwin approximation is investigated for its possible use in simulation of electromagnetic effects in large size, high frequency capacitively coupled discharges. The approximation is utilized within the framework of two different fluid models which are applied to typical cases showing pronounced standing wave and skin effects. With the first model it is demonstrated that Darwin approximation is valid for treatment of such effects in the range of parameters under consideration. The second approach, a reduced nonlinear Darwin approximation-based model, shows that the electromagnetic phenomena persist in a more realistic setting. The Darwin approximation offers a simple and efficient way of carrying out electromagnetic simulations as it removes the Courant condition plaguing explicit electromagnetic algorithms and can be implemented as a straightforward modification of electrostatic algorithms. The algorithm described here avoids iterative schemes needed for the divergence cleaning and represents a fast and efficient solver, which can be used in fluid and kinetic models for self-consistent description of technical plasmas exhibiting certain electromagnetic activity

A Case of Type-A WPW Syndrome Complicated by Acute Anterior Myocardial Infarction. Special Reference to Intermittent Masking of Infarction Pattern

A 63-year-old man with intermittent, type-A WPW syndrome, who suffered from acute anteroseptal myocardial infarction, is presented. The delta waves in V1-V4 masked the abnormal Q waves of anteroseptal MI, but reentrant tachycardia revealed the MI pattern. And also, when normal atrioventricular conduction was gained, the QS pattern due to MI was unmasked

A New Experimental Approach to Evaluate Plasma-induced Damage in Microcantilever

Plasma&nbsp; etching,&nbsp; during&nbsp; micro-fabrication&nbsp; processing&nbsp; is&nbsp; indispensable&nbsp; for&nbsp; fabricating&nbsp; MEMS&nbsp; structures.&nbsp; During&nbsp; the plasma&nbsp; processes,&nbsp; two&nbsp; major matters,&nbsp; charged&nbsp; ions&nbsp; and&nbsp; vacuum&ndash;ultraviolet&nbsp; (VUV)&nbsp; irradiation&nbsp; damage,&nbsp; take&nbsp; charge&nbsp; of reliability&nbsp; degradation.&nbsp; The&nbsp; charged&nbsp; ions&nbsp; induce&nbsp; unwanted&nbsp; sidewall&nbsp; etching,&nbsp; generally&nbsp; called&nbsp; as&nbsp; &ldquo;notching&rdquo;,&nbsp; which causes&nbsp; degradation&nbsp; in&nbsp; brittle&nbsp; strength.&nbsp; Furthermore,&nbsp; the&nbsp; VUV&nbsp; irradiation&nbsp; gives&nbsp; rise&nbsp; to&nbsp; crystal&nbsp; defects&nbsp; on&nbsp; the&nbsp; etching surface.&nbsp; To&nbsp; overcome&nbsp; the&nbsp; problem,&nbsp; neutral&nbsp; beam&nbsp; etching&nbsp; (NBE),&nbsp; which&nbsp; use&nbsp; neutral&nbsp; particles&nbsp; without&nbsp; the&nbsp; VUV irradiation,&nbsp; has&nbsp; been&nbsp; developed.&nbsp; In&nbsp; order&nbsp; to&nbsp; evaluate&nbsp; the&nbsp; effect&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; NBE&nbsp; quantitatively,&nbsp; we&nbsp; measured&nbsp; the&nbsp; resonance property of a micro-cantilever before and after NBE treatment. The thickness of damage layer (&delta;) times the imaginary part&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; complex&nbsp; Young's&nbsp; modulus&nbsp; (Eds)&nbsp; were&nbsp; then&nbsp; compared,&nbsp; which&nbsp; is&nbsp; a&nbsp; parameter&nbsp; of&nbsp; surface&nbsp; damage.&nbsp; Although plasma processes&nbsp; make the initial surface of cantilevers damaged during their fabrication, the removal of that damage by NBE was confirmed as the reduction in &delta;Eds. NBE will realize a damage-free surface for microstructures.Keywords: cantilever, neutral beam etching, surface los

Oral Administration of Red Ginseng Extract Promotes Neurorestoration after Compressive Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

Red ginseng and its active ingredients have been shown to decrease neuron death after brain ischemia in experimental animals. However, little is known about the effects of orally administered ginseng extract on spinal cord injury. We orally gave red ginseng extract (RGE) to rats with compressed spinal cord injury (SCI). Open-field locomotor scores were measured as indices of motor function. Histopathological changes and cytokine expressions in situ after SCI were evaluated. Compared to vehicle treatment, RGE treatment (350 mg/kg/day) significantly improved locomotor score up to levels close to those pre-SCI, prevented neuron loss, and facilitated the restoration of white matter in the spinal cord at 14 days after SCI. Treatment with RGE caused less aggregation of Iba-1-positive microglia in grey and white matter at 7 days after SCI, upregulated the expression levels of VEGF and Bcl-xL, and reduced IL-1β and TNFα expressions in the spinal cord at 7 and 14 days after SCI. We concluded that oral administration of RGE facilitates almost complete functional recovery from motor and behavioral abnormalities in rats with SCI and prevents neuron death in situ, possibly through inhibition of inflammation and upregulation of neuroprotective factors in the injured spinal cord