Development of the Northern Sea Route on the Route Murmansk-Vladivostok-Shanghai (China)

The paper considers the development of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) in modern Russia and China. The analysis of cargo turnover and the advantages of the NSR is carried out. The importance of the nuclear icebreaker fleet in the development of the NSR is determined and specified. The route is currently considered as transcontinental and it is planned to become part of the “Silk Road”. It belongs to the number of Russian national projects. As an international transit highway, the Northern Sea Route has a huge potential for international cooperation and development of the North and East of Russia. The cluster-modular approach in the organization of NSR is considered. © 2022 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V

3D-бетонирование – составы, методики и свойства смесей

The paper reflects the problems of 3D-concreting technology, which is developing quite intensively in modern conditions of construction production. The most important condition for its practical implementation is the development of concrete mixture compositions that provide the necessary rheological (technological) properties for  formation of products, elements of building structures or the structure as a whole, as well as providing the required pace of work and physical and mechanical characteristics and properties of the hardened concrete. At the initial stage of research carried out in the Research and Testing Laboratory of Concrete and Building Materials of the Belarusian National Technical University a number of concrete mixtures compositions were developed that are designed and provide the necessary conditions for the implementation of 3D-concreting of  self-supporting and  load-bearing structural elements respectively, in the manufacture of  products of  small architectural forms and  the erection (arrangement) of building structures for various purposes. A methodology has been developed and implemented for the selection of a rational granulometric composition of  aggregate,  type, properties and amount of  binder, chemical and mineral additives, together providing the required technological properties of concrete mixtures after they have been mixed with water. Original methods for assessing the rheological properties of water-soluble concrete mixtures and their changes over time,  leading to an increase in the plastic strength of molded concrete, as well as a method for calculating the rate of concrete work depending on the properties of the concrete mixtures used, are proposed and experimentally substantiated. As a result, prerequisites have been created for further expansion of a number of  compositions of dry concrete mixes  taking into account their purpose for 3D-concreting, and for  developing  methods and evaluating  the physical and mechanical characteristics and properties of hardened concrete, taking into consideration the purpose of manufactured products and erected (arranged) building structures.В статье отражена проблематика технологии 3D-бетонирования, достаточно интенсивно развивающейся в современных условиях строительного производства. Важнейшим условием ее практической реализации является разработка составов бетонных смесей, обеспечивающих необходимые реологические (технологические) свойства для формования изделий, элементов строительных конструкций или конструкции в целом, а также позволяющих сохранять требуемый темп ведения работ, физико-механические характеристики и свойства затвердевшего бетона. На начальном этапе исследований, выполненных в НИИЛ бетонов и строительных материалов Белорусского национального технического университета, разработан ряд составов бетонных смесей, предназначенных и обеспечивающих необходимые условия для реализации технологии 3D-бетонирования самонесущих и несущих конструктивных элементов соответственно при изготовлении изделий малых архитектурных форм и возведении (устройстве) строительных конструкций различного назначения. Разработана и реализована методология подбора рационального гранулометрического состава заполнителя, вида, свойств и количества связующего, химических и минеральных добавок, в совокупности обеспечивающих требуемые технологические свойства бетонных смесей после их затворения водой. Предложены и экспериментально обоснованы оригинальные методики оценки реологических свойств водозатворенных бетонных смесей и их изменений во времени, приводящих к росту пластической прочности отформованного бетона, а также методика расчета темпа ведения бетонных работ в зависимости от свойств используемых бетонных смесей. В результате созданы предпосылки как для дальнейшего расширения ряда составов сухих бетонных смесей с учетом их предназначения для 3D-бетонирования, так и для разработки методик и оценки физико-механических характеристик и свойств затвердевшего бетона с учетом предназначения изготавливаемых изделий и возводимых (устраиваемых) строительных конструкций

Effect of polyelectrolytes on serine proteinase secretion by Bacillus subtilis

AbstractAddition of polycations with molecular masses of 5–40 kDa as well as Na+, stimulated serine proteinase secretion by Bacillus subtilis cells. Polyanions and higher-molecular-mass polycations (100–200 kDa) were inefficient. The enzyme yields in the presence of polycations or Na+ were equal in magnitude. The results indicate that the cations, apparently counteracting the negative surface charge of the bacterial plasma membrane, cause the desorption of the serine (alkaline) proteinase. The synthesis of the proteinase is inferred to be stopped as the enzyme is bound to the outer surface of the plasma membrane. The desorption of the enzyme thus induces the synthesis of the new portions of proteinase

Organization of a Single Information Space for Carriers

Based on the Fifth Party Logistics system, the article analyzes the prerequisites for creating a single information space in the transport sector. The importance of automated interaction of all types of transport is determined.В статье на основе системы «Fifth Party Logistics» проанализированы предпосылки создания единого информационного пространства в транспортной сфере. Определена важность автоматизированного взаимодействия всех видов транспорта

On modeling on a single-winding forced valve electromagnet in a circuit with a ballast resistor

We have built a mathematical model of starting up a forced U-shaped valve electromagnet of static voltage taking into account dynamic parameters and characteristics. The offered model takes into account the influence of eddy currents in the closed circuits of the magnetic system. At the first stage we have developed a mathematical model that allows to determine optimum dimensions, to minimize the mass of active materials (the total mass of copper for windings and ferromagnetic steel), that are used in construction of the electromagnet. Then, based on a known method of integration of the dynamic equations we have obtained an actuation model of the valve magnet taking onto account equivalent resistances of cores of both circular and rectangular cross-sections. Modeling of dynamic parameters and characteristics was done taking into account secondary con-tours without increasing order of differential equations. We list calculated values of dynamic parameters and characteristics of the electromagnet in a circuit with a balance resistor

Charge Carrier Transport Properties in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Fibers

Transport properties via temperature dependences of sample resistance R(T) and influence of microwave field of 10 GHz on the conductivity of the single-walled carbon nanotubes fibers are investigated. The R(T) dependences studied within 4.2-300 K can be well approximated by the Mott law for 3D variable range hopping below T=80 K and by typical law for fluctuation-induced tunnelling model within the temperature range 80-300 K. We associate the observed increase in the conductivity with microwave power by increase in hopping probability of the charge carriers between single-walled carbon nanotubes

Plant Cell Death Caused by Fungal, Bacterial, and Viral Elicitors: Protective Effect of Mitochondria-Targeted Quinones

The strategy of innate immunity in humans and animals is as follows: cell receptors recognize the conservative molecular structures of large groups of pathogens, i.e. pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) 1322 Abbreviations: DCF, 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein; DCFH-DA, 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate; EC, epidermal cells; ETI, effectortriggered immunity; GC, guard cells; HR, hypersensitive response; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular patterns; PCD, programmed cell death; PG, peptidoglycan; PI, propidium iodide; PTI, PAMP-triggered immunity; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SkQ1, 10-(6′-plastoquinonyl)decyl triphenylphosphonium; SkQ3, 10-(6′-methylplastoquinonyl)decyl triphenylphosphonium; TMV, tobacco mosaic virus. * To whom correspondence should be addressed. Abstract-Chitosan (partially deacetylated chitin), a component of fungal cell walls, caused epidermal cell (EC) death in the leaves of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and tobacco Nicotiana tabacum or Nicotiana benthamiana detected by destruction of cell nuclei. The mitochondria-targeted quinone SkQ1 prevented the destruction of EC nuclei induced by chitosan. Chitosan increased and SkQ1 suppressed the activity of protein kinases in N. benthamiana and P. sativum and eliminated the effect of chitosan. Chitosan induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the guard cells (GC) of pea plants. Treatment with chitosan or H 2 O 2 did not cause destruction of GC nuclei; however, it resulted in disruption of the permeability barrier of the plasma membrane detected by propidium iodide fluorescence. Treatment with bacterial lipopolysaccharide but not peptidoglycan caused destruction of pea EC nuclei, which was prevented by SkQ1. Leaves of tobacco plants containing the N gene responsible for resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were infiltrated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens cells. These cells contained a genetic construct with the gene of the helicase domain of TMV replicase (p50); its protein product p50 is a target for the N-gene product. As a result, the hypersensitive response (HR) was initiated. The HR manifested itself in the death of leaves and was suppressed by SkQ3. Treatment of tobacco epidermal peels with the A. tumefaciens cells for the p50 gene expression stimulated the destruction of EC nuclei, which was inhibited by SkQ1 or SkQ3. The p50-lacking A. tumefaciens cells did not induce the destruction of EC nuclei. The protective effect of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants SkQ1 and SkQ3 demonstrates the involvement of mitochondria and their ROS in programmed cell death caused by pathogen elicitors. Plant Cell Deat

Charge carrier transport properties in single-walled carbon nanotube fibers. Acta Phys

Transport properties via temperature dependences of sample resistance R(T ) and influence of microwave field of 10 GHz on the conductivity of the single-walled carbon nanotubes fibers are investigated. The R(T ) dependences studied within 4.2-300 K can be well approximated by the Mott law for 3D variable range hopping below T = 80 K and by typical law for fluctuation-induced tunnelling model within the temperature range 80-300 K. We associate the observed increase in the conductivity with microwave power by increase in hopping probability of the charge carriers between single-walled carbon nanotubes