Characteristics of 25–65 year-old subjects included in the study (n = 16,011), according to smoking status.

<p>Figures are numbers (percentages of that characteristic in each smoking status group) unless stated otherwise.</p

Multivariate associations between smoking status and HRQoL (SF-36 scales), stratified by gender and age group.

<p>The never smoker group is used as the reference.</p><p>Model A: estimates (95% confidence interval) adjusted for socioeconomic variables (education, occupation, and income); Model B: estimates (95% confidence interval) adjusted for socioeconomic variables and CESD score; Model C: estimates (95% confidence interval) adjusted for socioeconomic variables, CESD, BMI, co-intoxication and comorbidities. For the sake of readability, only significant associations are reported in the table.</p

Overview of the analysis of thresholds in the relationships between the quantity of smoking and HRQoL in current daily smokers.

<p>Thresholds and estimates of effects*.</p><p>* Estimates adjusted for socioeconomic variables, CESD, BMI, co-intoxication and comorbidities.</p><p>** Threshold (estimate of effect) is shown; here for example, a man aged 25–44 loses 0.02SDS of physical functioning per cigarette smoked above 5 cig./day.</p><p>*** There are two thresholds, with a plateau effect at the second threshold; here for example a man aged 25–44 gains 0.22 SDS for the bodily pain score per cigarette smoked up to 5 per day, <i>plus</i> loses 0.22 SDS per cigarette smoked above 5 cig./day.</p

Patterns of relationships found in this study.

<p>Women, positive associations.</p