Habitability metric curves.

<p>A. Habitability metric for temperature as temperature varies. B. Habitability metric for as mass, in Earths, varies.</p

Distribution of 10,000 realizations of bootstrap analysis by year.

<p>Inset shows the cumulative probability distribution of the year of discovery for 2011–2030.</p

Median date of discovery using planetary data up to the end of a given year.

<p>Results are from a bootstrap analysis for the years 2001–2010.</p

Ease of scientific discovery over time.

<p>(A) Mean diameter (kilometers) of minor planets discovered, 1802–2008. (B) Mean physical size (g) of mammalian species discovered, 1760–2003. (C) Mean inverse of atomic weight of chemical elements discovered, 1669–2006. Adapted from <a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002072#pcbi.1002072-Arbesman1" target="_blank">[9]</a>.</p

Regressions of individual outcomes on current and lagged network measures.

<p>Regressions of individual outcomes on current and lagged network measures.</p

Relationships between changes in network measures.

<p>Relationships between changes in network measures.</p

The probability of having a tie decreases as a function of distance.

<p>Two limiting cases, corresponding to exponents one and two, are shown as dashed lines. Note that if geography played no role, we would expect to be independent of distance , resulting in a horizontal line in this plot. Inset: Tie strength, in contrast to the communication probability, is nearly flat with distance, although there is a minor decreasing trend for voice-ties.</p

The Probability of Switching to Defection regressed against % Cooperating Neighbors in Previous Round, with Interactions.

<p>Robust standard errors in parentheses.</p>***<p>p<0.01,</p>**<p>p<0.05,</p>*<p>p<0.1.</p><p>This table shows the results from logistic regressions with interaction terms predicting the probability of defecting in the current round, among individuals who cooperated in the previous round (i.e. predicting the spread of defection). We report the coefficients and robust standard errors clustered on subject and session for each independent variable, and include interactions between variables.</p

Changes and transitions in network measures between consecutive waves.

<p>Changes and transitions in network measures between consecutive waves.</p

The average number of spatial clusters for empirical data, versus topological (network) community size.

<p>Clusters are detected using the -means algorithm with the Akaike Information Criterion. We fit two models to data. First, a linear model was fit in two parts, shown in green, as well as a non-linear model , shown in red. We obtained the values for the first slope and for the second slope of the linear fits, and for the exponent of the non-linear model, implying approximately square-root behavior.</p