Application of DInSAR-GPS optimization for derivation of fine-scale surface motion maps of Southern California

A method based on random field theory and Gibbs-Markov random fields equivalency within Bayesian statistical framework is used to derive 3-D surface motion maps from sparse global positioning system (GPS) measurements and differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) interferogram in the southern California region. The minimization of the Gibbs energy function is performed analytically, which is possible in the case when neighboring pixels are considered independent. The problem is well posed and the solution is unique and stable and not biased by the continuity condition. The technique produces a 3-D field containing estimates of surface motion on the spatial scale of the DInSAR image, over a given time period, complete with error estimates. Significant improvement in the accuracy of the vertical component and moderate improvement in the accuracy of the horizontal components of velocity are achieved in comparison with the GPS data alone. The method can be expanded to account for other available data sets, such as additional interferograms, lidar, or leveling data, in order to achieve even higher accuracy

Reconstructing the nucleon-nucleon potential by a new coupled-channel inversion method

A second-order supersymmetric transformation is presented, for the two-channel Schr\"odinger equation with equal thresholds. It adds a Breit-Wigner term to the mixing parameter, without modifying the eigenphase shifts, and modifies the potential matrix analytically. The iteration of a few such transformations allows a precise fit of realistic mixing parameters in terms of a Pade expansion of both the scattering matrix and the effective-range function. The method is applied to build an exactly-solvable potential for the neutron-proton $^3S_1$-$^3D_1$ case.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Supersymmetric transformations for coupled channels with threshold differences

The asymptotic behaviour of the superpotential of general SUSY transformations for a coupled-channel Hamiltonian with different thresholds is analyzed. It is shown that asymptotically the superpotential can tend to a diagonal matrix with an arbitrary number of positive and negative entries depending on the choice of the factorization solution. The transformation of the Jost matrix is generalized to "non-conservative" SUSY transformations introduced in Sparenberg et al (2006 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 39 L639). Applied to the zero initial potential the method permits to construct superpartners with a nontrivially coupled Jost-matrix. Illustrations are given for two- and three-channel cases.Comment: 17 pages, 3 explicit examples and figures adde

Eigenphase preserving two-channel SUSY transformations

We propose a new kind of supersymmetric (SUSY) transformation in the case of the two-channel scattering problem with equal thresholds, for partial waves of the same parity. This two-fold transformation is based on two imaginary factorization energies with opposite signs and with mutually conjugated factorization solutions. We call it an eigenphase preserving SUSY transformation as it relates two Hamiltonians, the scattering matrices of which have identical eigenphase shifts. In contrast to known phase-equivalent transformations, the mixing parameter is modified by the eigenphase preserving transformation.Comment: 16 pages, 1 figur

Microwave pulse compression using a helically corrugated waveguide

There has been a drive in recent years to produce ultrahigh power short microwave pulses for a range of applications. These high-power pulses can be produced by microwave pulse compression. Sweep-frequency based microwave pulse compression using smooth bore hollow waveguides is one technique of passive pulse compression, however, at very high powers, this method has some limitation due to its operation close to cutoff. A special helical corrugation of a circular waveguide ensures an eigenwave with strongly frequency dependent group velocity far from cutoff, which makes the helically corrugated waveguide attractive for use as a passive pulse compressor for very high-power amplifiers and oscillators. The results of proof-of-principle experiments and calculations of the wave dispersion using a particle in cell particle-in-cell (PIC) code are presented. In the experiments, a 70-ns 1-kW pulse from a conventional traveling-wave tube (TWT) was compressed in a 2-m-long helical waveguide. The compressed pulse had a peak power of 10.9 kW and duration of 3 ns. In order to find the optimum pulse compression ratio, the waveguide's dispersion characteristics must be well known. The dispersion of the helix was calculated using the PIC code Magic and verified using an experimental technique. Future work detailing plans to produce short ultrahigh power gigawatt (GW) pulses will be discussed

Dayside response of the magnetosphere to a small shock compression: Van Allen Probes, Magnetospheric MultiScale, and GOES-13.

Observations from Magnetospheric MultiScale (~8 Re) and Van Allen Probes (~5 and 4 Re) show that the initial dayside response to a small interplanetary shock is a double-peaked dawnward electric field, which is distinctly different from the usual bipolar (dawnward and then duskward) signature reported for large shocks. The associated E × B flow is radially inward. The shock compressed the magnetopause to inside 8 Re, as observed by Magnetospheric MultiScale (MMS), with a speed that is comparable to the E × B flow. The magnetopause speed and the E × B speeds were significantly less than the propagation speed of the pulse from MMS to the Van Allen Probes and GOES-13, which is consistent with the MHD fast mode. There were increased fluxes of energetic electrons up to several MeV. Signatures of drift echoes and response to ULF waves also were seen. These observations demonstrate that even very weak shocks can have significant impact on the radiation belts

The Design of Web Interface for Dialogue with the Introduction of a Chat Bot

This article discusses how to build the user interface for a chat bot