Normal Uterine Size in Women of Reproductive Age in Jos, Nigeria: An Ultrasonographic Investigation.

A cross-sectional study of normal uterine size of 70 women aged 20-40 years was conducted by ultrasonographic measurements. Mean uterine size was found to be 8.24cm x 4.75cm x3.77cm (Length x width x AP diameter) for overall total, 7.46cm x 4.22cm x 3.30cm for Nulliparous women, 8.49cm x 4.87cm x 3.81cm for Primiparous  women and 9.10cm x 5.36cm x 4.36cm for Multiparous women. Mean age was 27.99 ± 5.43 years. Uterine size was significantly correlated with parity and age. Linear multiple regression lines to predict uterine size (length,width and AP diameter) using parity and age were also modelled. Keywords: Ultrasonography, Uterine size, Nulliparous, Primiparous, Multiparou

Inelastic photoproduction of J/Psi mesons at HERA

An analysis of inelastic photoproduction of J/Psi mesons is presented using data collected at the ep collider HERA corresponding to an integrated luminosity of above 80pb-1. Differential and double differential cross sections are measured in a wide kinematic region: 6

Surface roughness measurements using three-dimensional laser imaging

Three-dimensional (3D) laser imaging is capable of providing key information for rock mass characterization, in particular, surface roughness data. In an underground field trial, a controlled validation study is performed where orientation and surface roughness measurements are made manually and compared to laser measurements. From an acquired image, the 3D point cloud is used directly to make the measurements without the need for pre-processing. At each measurement location, the orientation of a particular joint is determined using principal component analysis which fits a plane to the point cloud data. The normal vector of the plane is used to determine the orientation of the joint. Next, the surface roughness is determined by plotting a 2D surface profile along the strike and dip. The maximum asperity amplitude is measured from the surface profile and the Joint Roughness Coefficient (JRC) is estimated

3-D laser imaging of drill core for fracture detection and Rock Quality Designation

The Rock Quality Designation (RQD) is a widely used parameter in empirical methods of estimating rock mass strength. This proof of concept research is a step toward the semi-automatic computation of the RQD and is based on 3-D imaging procedures and algorithms to detect fractures in drill core. The images were acquired with a triangulation-based 3-D laser digitizer. Each image file is a point cloud of spatially referenced measurements in Cartesian space. Variations in the z-coordinate (digitizer-to-target distance) were used to detect fractures in profile. Natural fractures were distinguished from mechanical breaks by measuring the angle, and quantifying the roughness, of the fracture trace. The algorithms use a binary centerline profile to measure intact lengths of core for the RQD calculation. This 3-D approach measures changes in the core surface, not intensity features and shadows as with 2-D photographs. Limitations arise when there is no detectable change in the z-coordinate

3D laser imaging for joint orientation analysis

This paper evaluates the application of three-dimensional (3D) laser imaging to measure joint orientation. A field trial was conducted at a road cut with 3 well expressed joint sets. Using 3D point cloud data, joint orientation was evaluated using two methods: a 2.5D method, commercially available, based on a triangular irregular network (TIN) and a new 3D pole density contouring method where the orientation of each triangular mesh element in the 3D model is determined. Validated against field measurements, the 2.5D and 3D methods were applied manually and the resultant average angular differences were 13.3° and 3.8°, respectively, indicating that the 3D method is very accurate. When automated, the 2.5D and 3D methods yielded results with average angular differences of 14.4° and 9.9°. The effects of image resolution (an image acquisition parameter), triangular mesh element size (an image processing parameter), and joint face geometry (a geological parameter) on the performance of the 3D pole density contouring method were assessed. Image resolution had minimal effect on measurement accuracy. Increasing triangular mesh element size had an adverse effect because holes started to appear in the 3D model

Radioisotopic dating of the Tortonian Global Stratotype Section and Point: implications for intercalibration of 40Ar/39Ar and astronomical dating methods

In this paper we present ne

Efficient operation and characterization of distributed feedback Er³⁺-doped fiber lasers via the 520-nm transition band

Single-frequency distributed feedback (DFB) and distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) Er3+-fiber lasers are attractive for applications in optical communications and sensor systems. However, as the cavity lengths need to be short (a few cm) for robust single-mode operation, pump absorption is low, limiting laser output powers to < 1mW. Higher laser output powers are clearly desirable, e.g., for CATV applications. Previous ways suggested for dealing with this issue include redirecting the unabsorbed pump-to-power fiber amplifier, intracavity pumping, or increasing the 980-nm absorption with co-doped Yb3+:Er3+ phosphosilicate fibers