The Effect of Survey-Based Sentiment Measures on the Predictability and Volatility of Stock Returns Conditioned on the Payout Yield and Issue Yield

Survey-based sentiment indexes from the American Association of Individual Investors, Investors\u27 Intelligence, and the Yale University International Center for Finance show strong in-sample monthly return predictability and are strong factors in explaining the cross-sectional variation in monthly returns and in explaining the excess volatility in returns beyond that explained by cash flow fundamentals proxied by the payout yield and the issue yield from Boudoukh, et al. (2007). These finding are robust to the use of numerous methods of sentiment variable computation. Sentiment is a more significant factor during the period from January 1997 to December 2005 when U.S. stock valuations reached a peak and subsequently fell. There is no asymmetrical effect of positive and negative sentiment on monthly return volatility. There is a lagged return feedback to sentiment. There is a strong common component between sentiment and the issue yield during the bubble period. Overall there is strong support for a behavioral component to stock pricing. However, even with a strong in-sample performance, there is no improvement in return predictability for out-of-sample one month forecasts by the addition of sentiment measures to the payout yield and issue yield. These measures of market under or over-valuation don\u27t improve the prediction of the timing or magnitude of future corrections in valuation

Vertical Transmission of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Modulates Pre- and Postnatal Innervation and Reactivity of Rat Airways

Background Environmental exposure to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of respiratory infections in infants, but it remains unknown whether this infection is transmitted transplacentally from the lungs of infected mothers to the offspring. We sought to test the hypothesis that RSV travels from the respiratory tract during pregnancy, crosses the placenta to the fetus, persists in the lung tissues of the offspring, and modulates pre- and postnatal expression of growth factors, thereby predisposing to airway hyperreactivity. Methodology Pregnant rats were inoculated intratracheally at midterm using recombinant RSV expressing red fluorescent protein (RFP). Viral RNA was amplified by RT-PCR and confirmed by sequencing. RFP expression was analyzed by flow cytometry and viral culture. Developmental and pathophysiologic implications of prenatal infection were determined by analyzing the expression of genes encoding critical growth factors, particularly neurotrophic factors and receptors. We also measured the expression of key neurotransmitters and postnatal bronchial reactivity in vertically infected lungs, and assessed their dependence on neurotrophic signaling using selective biological or chemical inhibition. Principal Findings RSV genome was found in 30% of fetuses, as well as in the lungs of 40% of newborns and 25% of adults. RFP expression was also shown by flow cytometry and replicating virus was cultured from exposed fetuses. Nerve growth factor and its TrkA receptor were upregulated in RSV- infected fetal lungs and co-localized with increased cholinergic innervation. Acetylcholine expression and smooth muscle response to cholinergic stimulation increased in lungs exposed to RSV in utero and reinfected after birth, and blocking TrkA signaling inhibited both effects. Conclusions/Significance Our data show transplacental transmission of RSV from mother to offspring and persistence of vertically transmitted virus in lungs after birth. Exposure to RSV in utero is followed by dysregulation of neurotrophic pathways predisposing to postnatal airway hyperreactivity upon reinfection with the virus

Use of controlled low dose gamma irradiation to sterilize allograft tendons for ACL reconstruction: biomechanical and clinical perspective

As reviewed here, numerous biomechanical and clinical studies support the use of controlled, low temperature irradiation of allograft tendons, to provide both excellent clinical results and medical-device grade sterile allografts with minimal risk of disease transmission

NGF Is an Essential Survival Factor for Bronchial Epithelial Cells during Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Background: Overall expression of neurotrophins in the respiratory tract is upregulated in infants infected by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), but it is unclear where (structural vs. inflammatory cells, upper vs. lower airways) and why, these changes occur. We analyzed systematically the expression of neurotrophic factors and receptors following RSV infection of human nasal, tracheal, and bronchial epithelial cells, and tested the hypothesis that neurotrophins work as innate survival factors for infected respiratory epithelia. Methodology: Expression of neurotrophic factors (nerve growth factor, NGF; brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF) and receptors (trkA, trkB, p75) was analyzed at the protein level by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry and at the mRNA level by real-time PCR. Targeted siRNA was utilized to blunt NGF expression, and its effect on virus-induced apoptosis/ necrosis was evaluated by flow cytometry following annexin V/7-AAD staining. Principal Findings: RSV infection was more efficient in cells from more distal (bronchial) vs. more proximal origin. In bronchial cells, RSV infection induced transcript and protein overexpression of NGF and its high-affinity receptor trkA, with concomitant downregulation of the low-affinity p75 NTR. In contrast, tracheal cells exhibited an increase in BDNF, trkA and trkB, and nasal cells increased only trkA. RSV-infected bronchial cells transfected with NGF-specific siRNA exhibited decreased trkA and increased p75 NTR expression. Furthermore, the survival of bronchial epithelial cells was dramaticall

Headstart class at Harper Heights school, Plaque free in \u2773 dental program

Headstart class at Harper Heights school, Plaque free in \u2773 dental program, 1973, b&w Back rfeads: Headstart Harper Hts, ages 3 to 5 Mrs. Naomi Harper Mr. Tabor Nat\u27l Dental weeks Plaque free in \u2773https://mds.marshall.edu/harlow_warren_papers/1066/thumbnail.jp

Camera and image : mediator and interface : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Master of Fine Arts at Massey University, Wellington, Aotearoa New Zealand

How can art, specifically photography, illustrate the limitations of vision? What do those limits reveal about perception and knowing? To explore these questions two distinct mechanisms need to be discussed in relation to creative practice, Paul Virilio’s augmenting lens that forever changes the photographer’s perception and the image acting as an object for both Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s embodied experience and Jean Baudrillard’s simulacrum. The photographic image becomes an index by exposing the relationship between photographer and image. The camera is a tool, to Virilio a prosthetic eye, which immediately affects the photographer’s perception of her environment. The phenomenal world is the one that is photographed, a subjective experience. The tension between surface and reality, image and object, removes the photographic experience from an experience of the real. The making of the image closely parallels the act of viewing the image. A dual experience emerges from the photograph, the creation of the image and the viewer’s act of reading, inferring. An image, as an index, is open to multiple interpretations, placing equal weight on each participant, viewer, and creator, so that there is no hierarchy of interpretation, experience, or meaning. In this thesis these questions are explored in relation to a creative practice embedding theory with process and outcome

The Meaning of Family-Derived Knowledge to Healthcare Providers Treating Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Background: Families receive guidance from healthcare providers on managing their children’s autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, both parents and providers have reported that providers often have insufficient knowledge about ASD. Successfully managing ASD requires knowledge about both the real-world needs of families with children who have ASD and the ability to evaluate the real-world effectiveness of strategies designed to meet these needs. The incorporation by providers of knowledge that originated from the families of their pediatric patients with ASD, termed family-derived knowledge, could overcome this gap. This phenomenological study explored what family-derived knowledge means to healthcare providers treating children with ASD in several areas across the United States. Methods: This qualitative study used a phenomenological approach to determine the meaning of family-derived knowledge by understanding the realities experienced by healthcare providers who treat children with ASD. Purposeful and snowball sampling were used to recruit healthcare providers at multiple sites across the United States for open-ended interviews. Demographic data were summarized and presented in aggregate. Interview data were analyzed using the Moustakas modification of the Stevick-Colaizzi-Keen method that synthesized data into a composite textural-structural description of the essence of what family-derived knowledge means to healthcare providers treating children with ASD. Results: A total of 27 healthcare providers participated in open-ended interviews, including ten occupational therapists, six speech language pathologists, four board certified behavior analysts, four primary care providers, and three physical therapists. Participants described partnering with families through a person-centered care approach to obtain family-derived knowledge about resources, interventions, and child and family needs. Participants then evaluated this real-world evidence about ASD obtained from families before disseminating to others on individual, organizational, and systems levels. A conceptual model depicting this flow of family-derived knowledge and a translational checklist to guide clinicians on applying family-derived knowledge were created. Conclusion: Family-derived knowledge involves the acquisition, evaluation, and dissemination by clinicians of knowledge obtained from the families of children with ASD being treated in a person-centered care approach. These translational findings provide a guide for individual clinicians applying family-derived knowledge in their own practice, as well as a call to action for further research focused on including families of children with ASD as partners in the design of healthcare approaches and practice

Parents\u27 experiences of caring for a child with autism spectrum disorder in the United States: A systematic review and metasynthesis of qualitative evidence

INTRODUCTION: A comprehensive review to identify key topics and to discern patterns in the perspectives of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can improve understanding of the knowledge flow among stakeholders, thereby guiding future educational strategies. This systematic review and metasynthesis characterized the experiences of parents who have a child with ASD using qualitative studies in the literature. METHOD: A predefined search strategy across five databases was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A metaaggregative approach was used to synthesize extracted data into themes that were condensed into overarching categories. RESULTS: Ten themes and nine groups of key stakeholders were identified across 12 studies. Themes were grouped into four categories: behaviors, socioemotional impacts, structural needs, and gaps in knowledge about ASD. Gaps in knowledge about ASD was a pervasive theme that played a critical role in interactions between stakeholders. Families of children with ASD make life adaptations in a variety of areas, including structuring activities around ASD, physical modifications to homes for safety, intentional social isolation, increased financial expenses, and homeschooling. DISCUSSION: Parents must educate themselves on how to manage all aspects of ASD, and in doing so, often become experts not only in the individual needs of their own child and families, but in ASD more broadly. Family experiences contextualize key stakeholder knowledge for application across multiple systems, including education and health care services, home, and the community. Educational interventions that integrate family, service provider, and community perspectives are needed to address the stakeholder gap in knowledge. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Importance of Android/Gynoid Fat Ratio in Predicting Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Normal Weight as well as Overweight and Obese Children

Numerous studies have shown that android or truncal obesity is associated with a risk for metabolic and cardiovascular disease, yet there is evidence that gynoid fat distribution may be protective. However, these studies have focused on adults and obese children. The purpose of our study was to determine if the android/gynoid fat ratio is positively correlated with insulin resistance, HOMA2-IR, and dislipidemia in a child sample of varying body sizes. In 7–13-year-old children with BMI percentiles ranging from 0.1 to 99.6, the android/gynoid ratio was closely associated with insulin resistance and combined LDL + VLDL-cholesterol. When separated by sex, it became clear that these relationships were stronger in boys than in girls. Subjects were stratified into BMI percentile based tertiles. For boys, the android/gynoid ratio was significantly related to insulin resistance regardless of BMI tertile with and LDL + VLDL in tertiles 1 and 3. For girls, only LDL + VLDL showed any significance with android/gynoid ratio and only in tertile 2. We conclude that the android/gynoid fat ratio is closely associated with insulin resistance and LDL + VLDL-, “bad,” cholesterol in normal weight boys and may provide a measurement of metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk in that population