2 research outputs found
Effect of Lipidic Cubic Phase Structure on Functionality of the Dopamine 2L Receptor: Implications for in Meso Crystallization
The
success of the lipidic cubic phase for crystallization, particularly
of integral membrane proteins, is increasing. In the past two years,
more than 25% of membrane protein structures have been solved within
the biomimetic environment of the lipidic cubic phase. However, the
relationship between the lipid matrix and crystal growth still remains
a mystery. Herein we show that the bilayer structure of the lipidic
cubic phase is crucial to retention of the functionality of the dopamine
D2 long receptor. Destruction of the cubic architecture at higher
protein concentrations is associated with a significant drop in the
amount of functional receptor. This has profound implications for
in meso crystallization and suggests that preliminary experiments
to determine the maximum protein loading within the lipidic cubic
phase must be carried out prior to in meso crystallization experiments
Self-Assembled Functional Nanostructure of Plasmid DNA with Ionic Liquid [Bmim][PF<sub>6</sub>]: Enhanced Efficiency in Bacterial Gene Transformation
The
electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged phosphate
groups of plasmid DNA and the cationic part of hydrophobic ionic liquid
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Bmim]Â[PF<sub>6</sub>]), initiates spontaneous self-assembly to form the functional nanostructures
made up of DNA and ionic liquid (IL). These functional nanostructures
were demonstrated as promising synthetic nonviral vectors for the
efficient bacterial pGFP gene transformation in cells. In particular,
the functional nanostructures that were made up of 1 μL of IL
([Bmim]Â[PF<sub>6</sub>]) and 1 μg of plasmid DNA can increase
the transformation efficiency by 300–400% in microbial systems,
without showing any toxicity for <i>E. coli</i> DH5α
cells. <sup>31</sup>P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform
infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopic
analysis revealed that the electrostatic interaction between negatively
charged phosphate oxygen and cationic Bmim<sup>+</sup> tends to initiate
the self-assembly process. Thermogravimetric analysis of the DNA-IL
functional nanostructures showed that these nanostructures consist
of ∼16 wt % ionic liquid, which is considered to provide the
stability to the plasmid DNA that eventually enhanced the transformation
efficiency