MEASURING SPATIAL ACCESSIBILITY TO HEALTHCARE FACILITIES IN ISFAHAN METROPOLITAN AREA IN IRAN

Appropriate spatial accessibility to healthcare facilities is an important component of the efficient delivery of healthcare. This study aims to measure spatial accessibility to healthcare facilities in Isfahan Metropolitan Area, a rapidly growing megacity in Iran. We used two methods of population-weighted fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and the two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) to measure spatial accessibility to urban healthcare facilities, including hospitals, pharmacies, clinics, and laboratories. The results of these two methods were compared. Not surprisingly, the center of Isfahan has the highest accessibility scores for healthcare facilities, and the peripheral areas of the city have the lowest levels. Despite the existence of higher numbers of healthcare facilities in northern parts of Isfahan, accessibility to healthcare facilities is low because of the large population. Both methods show that healthcare services are not evenly distributed in Isfahan. Some areas with a high population have low accessibility to health facilities. Ideally, these areas would be prioritized for future health infrastructure investment. The methods used here can help urban healthcare policymakers identify spatial inequalities in access to care and thus target the areas in need

A cooperative pathway for water activation using a bimetallic Pt0-CuI system

A mixture of the platinum(0) complex [Pt(PtBu3)2] and tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(i) hexafluorophosphate in acetone activated a water molecule and gave the hydride platinum(ii) complex [PtH(CH3CN)(PtBu3)2]PF6, 1, and the hydroxide Cu(i) species. The crystal structure of complex 1 was determined by X-ray crystallography, indicating a distorted square planar geometry around the platinum center. Although three possible mechanisms are proposed for this transformation, monitoring of the reaction using NMR spectroscopy at low temperature reveals that a cooperative pathway involving formation of a Pt0-CuI dative bond complex is the most probable pathway. The hydride platinum complex 1 is stable in acidic and neutral conditions but undergoes intramolecular C-H activation in the presence of pyridine. Monitoring of the reaction using 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy shows that a cyclometalation reaction of one of the phosphine ligands is followed by displacement of a second phosphine ligand by pyridine to give the cyclometalated platinum(ii) complex, [Pt(\u3ba2PC-PtBu2CMe2CH2)(py)2], 4. The structure of 4 in solution and solid state phases was determined using NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography, respectively