21 research outputs found
Endothelial protein kinase MAP4K4 promotes vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis
Signalling pathways that control endothelial cell (EC) permeability, leukocyte adhesion and inflammation are pivotal for atherosclerosis initiation and progression. Here we demonstrate that the Sterile-20-like mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP4K4), which has been implicated in inflammation, is abundantly expressed in ECs and in atherosclerotic plaques from mice and humans. On the basis of endothelial-specific MAP4K4 gene silencing and gene ablation experiments in Apoe(-/-) mice, we show that MAP4K4 in ECs markedly promotes Western diet-induced aortic macrophage accumulation and atherosclerotic plaque development. Treatment of Apoe(-/-) and Ldlr(-/-) mice with a selective small-molecule MAP4K4 inhibitor also markedly reduces atherosclerotic lesion area. MAP4K4 silencing in cultured ECs attenuates cell surface adhesion molecule expression while reducing nuclear localization and activity of NFkappaB, which is critical for promoting EC activation and atherosclerosis. Taken together, these results reveal that MAP4K4 is a key signalling node that promotes immune cell recruitment in atherosclerosis
Taxane Anticancer Agents:Â Basic Science and Current Status Edited by Gunda I. Georg, Thomas T. Chen, Iwao Ojima, and Dolatrai M. Vyas. ACS Symposium Series 583. American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. 1995. xiii + 353 pp. 15.5 Ă 23.5 cm. ISBN 0-8412-3073-0. $99.95.
Lead-like Drugs: A Perspective
Lead-like
drugs, or drugs below molecular weight 300, are an important
and sometimes overlooked component of the current pharmacopeia and
contemporary medicinal chemistry practice. To examine the recent state-of-the-art
in lead-like drug discovery, we surveyed recent drug approvals from
2011 to 2017 and top 200 prescribed medications, as well as provide
case studies on recently approved lead-like drugs. Many of these recent
drugs are close analogs of previously known drugs or natural substrates,
with a key focus of their medicinal chemistry optimization being the
choice of a low molecular weight starting point and maintaining low
molecular weight during the optimization. However, the identification
of low molecular weight starting points may be limited by the availability
of suitable low molecular weight screening sets. To increase the discovery
rate of lead-like drugs, we suggest an increased focus on inclusion
and prosecution of lead-like starting points in screening libraries
Development of nano-porous hydroxyapatite coated e-glass for potential bone-tissue engineering application: An in vitro approach
To reconstruct the defects caused by craniectomies autologous, bone grafting was usually used, but they failed most commonly due to bone resorption, infections and donor-site morbidity. In the present investigation, an effort has been made for the first time to check the feasibility and advantage of using hydroxyapatite (HAp) coated e-glass as component of bone implants. Sol-gel synthesized coatings were found to be purely hydroxyapatite from XRD with graded and interconnected pores all over the surface observable in TEM. The interconnected porous nature of ceramics are found to increase bioactivity by acting to up-regulate the process of osseointegration through enhanced nutrient transfer and induction of angiogenesis. From TEM studies and nano indentation studies, we have shown that pores were considered to be appropriate for nutrient supply without compromising the strength of sample while in contact with physiological fluid. After SBF immersion test, porous surface was found to be useful for nucleation of apatite crystals, hence increasing the feasibility and bioactivity of sample. However, our quasi-dynamic study showed less crystallization but had significant formation of apatite layer. Overall, the in vitro analyses show that HAp coated e-glass leads to significant improvement of implant properties in terms of biocompatibility, cell viability and proliferation, osteoinductivity and osteoconductivity. HAp coating of e-glass can potentially be utilized in fabricating durable and strong bioactive non-metallic implants and tissue engineering scaffolds
Levels in doubly odd
The band structures of the doubly odd 138Pr nucleus have been investigated using the 128Te(14N, 4n)138Pr reaction at a beam energy of 55-65 MeV. Altogether six distinct structures have been established, of which the lower part of the yrast band and two side bands were known from earlier works. The observed level properties of the members of the yrast band have been compared with theoretical calculations performed within the Particle Rotor Model (PRM) with axially symmetric core. The experimental branching ratios and B(M1)/B(E2) values when compared with the theoretical results of the PRM, suggest an oblate core
MAP4K4 Is a Threonine Kinase That Phosphorylates FARP1
Mitogen-activated protein kinase
4 (MAP4K4) regulates the MEK kinase
cascade and is implicated in cytoskeletal rearrangement and migration;
however, identifying MAP4K4 substrates has remained a challenge. To
ascertain MAP4K4-dependent phosphorylation events, we combined phosphoproteomic
studies of MAP4K4 inhibition with <i>in vitro</i> assessment
of its kinase specificity. We identified 235 phosphosites affected
by MAP4K4 inhibition in cells and found that pTP and pSP motifs were
predominant among them. In contrast, <i>in vitro</i> assessment
of kinase specificity showed that MAP4K4 favors a pTL motif. We showed
that MAP4K4 directly phosphorylates and coimmunoprecipitates with
FERM, RhoGEF, and pleckstrin domain-containing protein 1 (FARP1).
MAP4K4 inhibition in SH-SY5Y cells increases neurite outgrowth, a
process known to involve FARP1. As FARP1 and MAP4K4 both contribute
to cytoskeletal rearrangement, the results suggest that MAP4K4 exerts
some of its effects on the cytoskeleton via phosphorylation of FARP1
La forĂȘt
Collection : RadiovisionRĂ©sumĂ© : Recouvrant un cinquiĂšme du territoire français, la forĂȘt est composĂ©e de diffĂ©rentes espĂšces d'arbre. Le chĂȘne, arbre le plus noble et le plus prĂ©cieux qui peut vivre jusqu'Ă 800 ans, le hĂȘtre et encore l'Ă©picĂ©a en montagne. La maniĂšre de cultiver la forĂȘt est Ă repenser depuis que le bois n'est plus utilisĂ© comme combustible. (source : RĂ©seau CanopĂ©)DurĂ©e : 00:29:20ThĂšme : Sciences de la natur