Exercise Effect on Neuropsychological Function - a Review

Research documented that regular participation in physical exercise has a beneficial influence on various aspects of brain function. Human studies reported that cognition and mental performance can be improved with various types of exercise like aerobic exercise, resistance exercise and others. Participations in exercise not only improve the physical health, but also improve their academic performance, job/office performance, reduce illness and injury related to age related decline and also improve sports performance. This article features with the positive effects of exercise on cognition and brain function, at the molecular, cellular systems and behavioral levels. More research investigation on exercise related benefits for specific components of brain and cognitive function is clearly needed in all cross section of human population

Effect of Physical Exercise on Female Hormone

Evidence suggested that exercise may change, level of secretion of female hormones such as: Prolactin, Luteinizing, Follicle Stimulating, Estrogen and Progesterone. The researcher intends to concentrate on the function of various female hormone with sources of secretion, method of hormonal test and various problems of female. The prolactin hormone is secreted from anterior pituitary gland and its main function is milk secretion. Pituitary gland secreted Luteinizing hormone and complete development of ovarian follicle to secretary stage and secretion of estrogen are maintained by this hormone. Sources of follicle stimulating hormone is the anterior pituitary hormone gland and it's work is regulating of human reproductive system, progesterone and menstrual cycle. Estrogen is secreted form ovary and it is responsible for puberty changes, proliferation stages of menstruation, growth of uterus during pregnancy, exert synthesis action with oxytosin. Progesterone hormone comes from Carpus lutem, Placenta, Adrenal Cortex and it is responsible for premenstrual change of uterine mucosa. One of the best hormonal tests for basal level of PRL, LH, FSH, estrogen and progesterone is Chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). Following an overnight fasting venues blood sample were taken via a disposable plastic syringe inserted into an antecubital forearm vein. Blood (3ml) was allotted to colt for one hour in a plain test tube(burocell) and then centrifuged (REMI) at 30o Celsius for 5 minutes at 6000 rev min -1 to separate the serum form the cell before proceeding with CLIA test. Infertility, irregular menstrual cycle, decreases in sex drive, unable to breast feeding after child birth are the common problem due to imbalance in female hormonal secretion

Effect of Regular Yogic Training on Growth Hormone and Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate as an Endocrine Marker of Aging

Growth hormone (GH) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) secretion decline with advancing age and are associated with the symptoms of aging. Yogic texts claimed that regular practice of yoga may restore and maintain general endocrinological properties in the human body. Objective of the Study. To observe the effect of yogic training for twelve weeks on basal level of GH and DHEAS in middle aged group. Method. Forty-five untrained volunteers were divided into two groups, that is, yoga practicing (experimental: male 15, age 42.80 ± 7.43 yrs; female 8, age 44.75 ± 8.40 yrs) and waitlisted control group (male 15, age 41.67 ± 7.87 yrs; female 7, age 45.43 ± 7.00 yrs). The experimental group underwent combined yogic practices daily in the morning for 6 days/week for 12 weeks, whereas control group continued their usual routine activities. Standing height, body weight, body mass index, and basal level of GH and DHEAS were measured before commencement and after six and twelve weeks of yogic training period. The repeated measure ANOVA was used for data analysis. Results. 12 weeks of yogic training produces a significant increase in GH and DHEAS for both male and female groups as compared to their baseline data, whereas no as such changes were observed in the control group. Conclusion. Combined approach of graded yogic training may be beneficial for maintaining the basal level of GH and DHEAS in the human body, thus promoting healthy aging

CYTOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF EAR INFECTION OF DOGS

A total no of 35 cases were screened for different affections in the external ear canal of dog which were presented in Veterinary Clinical Complex, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, Kolkata. Samples were collected aseptically and transferred to slides for cytological examination. Based on cytology it was found that 54% were suffering from Malassezia infection. Rest animals were showing mixed bacterial infection. This study showed high incidence of Malassezia sp. in otitis cases on the basis of cytological findings. Further study could be done to infer the prevalence of external ear infection in and around Kolkata. Cytology might aid to proper diagnosis where animals could be treated accordingly

A Characterization of Strong and Weak Convergence in Fuzzy Metric Spaces

In this paper, we attempt to introduce the concept of fuzzy metric space and some of its properties, and we investigate the strong and weak convergence in fuzzy metric Spaces. Despite uncertainty in fuzzy random variables, crisp metrics have always been used. Here, we use the strong law of large numbers for fuzzy random variables in the fuzzy metric space for the bootstrap mean. Then the problem of constructing a satisfactory theory of fuzzy metric spaces has been investigated by several authors from different points of view. In particular, and by modifying a definition of fuzzy metric space given by Kramosil and Michalek, Georgeand Veeramani have introduced and studied the following interesting notion of a fuzzy metric space. A fuzzy metric space is such that  is a set and  is a function defined on satisfying certain axioms and  is called a fuzzy metric in. Finally, we developed ideas that many of known strong and weak convergence theorems can easily be derived from the fuzzy metric Spaces

HISTOPATHOLOGIAL ALTERATIONS IN BABESIA GIBSONI INFECTIONA CASE REPORT

An eight-year-old male Labrador with high fever was brought for treatment in the Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, WBUAFS, Kolkata. Babesia gibsoni was identified in microscopical examination of the blood smear taken from the animal. The dog could not survive despite treatment and the post mortem examination revealed remarkable changes in the liver, lungs, kidneys and spleen. Histopathological examination showed congestion and edema in lungs, liver and spleen along with remarkable necrotic and degenerative changes in the tubular epithelial cell of kidneys

Screening of antimicrobial peptides from hemolymph extract of tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta against urinary tract and wound infecting multidrug-resistant bacteria

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an evolutionarily conserved component of the innate immune response and they were found among all classes of life forms. In the present study AMPs were extracted from the hemolymph of Antheraea mylitta and fractionated by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Antimicrobial activity was tested against three clinically isolated multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, such as urinary tract infecting Escherichia coli, wound infecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus pumilus. Fraction I (comprised of three different peptides of varying mass) did not inhibit the growth of any of these clinical isolates, whereas, fraction III inhibited the growth of B. pumilus without affecting the growth of gram-negative isolates. Fraction II exhibited bactericidal effects against P. aeruginosa and E. coli, whereas, B. pumilus was not susceptible. Scanning electron microscopic study revealed that serious structural alterations of cell morphology and disruption of the outer membrane, that facilitates the release of cytoplasmic content through holes and channels in E. coli, treated with this isolated peptide. Our results indicate that the peptide from the isolated fraction could be used as potent alternative antimicrobial compounds for the treatment of MDR E. coli andP. aeruginosa infections