Exercise Effect on Neuropsychological Function - a Review

Research documented that regular participation in physical exercise has a beneficial influence on various aspects of brain function. Human studies reported that cognition and mental performance can be improved with various types of exercise like aerobic exercise, resistance exercise and others. Participations in exercise not only improve the physical health, but also improve their academic performance, job/office performance, reduce illness and injury related to age related decline and also improve sports performance. This article features with the positive effects of exercise on cognition and brain function, at the molecular, cellular systems and behavioral levels. More research investigation on exercise related benefits for specific components of brain and cognitive function is clearly needed in all cross section of human population

Effect of Physical Exercise on Female Hormone

Evidence suggested that exercise may change, level of secretion of female hormones such as: Prolactin, Luteinizing, Follicle Stimulating, Estrogen and Progesterone. The researcher intends to concentrate on the function of various female hormone with sources of secretion, method of hormonal test and various problems of female. The prolactin hormone is secreted from anterior pituitary gland and its main function is milk secretion. Pituitary gland secreted Luteinizing hormone and complete development of ovarian follicle to secretary stage and secretion of estrogen are maintained by this hormone. Sources of follicle stimulating hormone is the anterior pituitary hormone gland and it's work is regulating of human reproductive system, progesterone and menstrual cycle. Estrogen is secreted form ovary and it is responsible for puberty changes, proliferation stages of menstruation, growth of uterus during pregnancy, exert synthesis action with oxytosin. Progesterone hormone comes from Carpus lutem, Placenta, Adrenal Cortex and it is responsible for premenstrual change of uterine mucosa. One of the best hormonal tests for basal level of PRL, LH, FSH, estrogen and progesterone is Chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). Following an overnight fasting venues blood sample were taken via a disposable plastic syringe inserted into an antecubital forearm vein. Blood (3ml) was allotted to colt for one hour in a plain test tube(burocell) and then centrifuged (REMI) at 30o Celsius for 5 minutes at 6000 rev min -1 to separate the serum form the cell before proceeding with CLIA test. Infertility, irregular menstrual cycle, decreases in sex drive, unable to breast feeding after child birth are the common problem due to imbalance in female hormonal secretion

Effect of Regular Yogic Training on Growth Hormone and Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate as an Endocrine Marker of Aging

Growth hormone (GH) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) secretion decline with advancing age and are associated with the symptoms of aging. Yogic texts claimed that regular practice of yoga may restore and maintain general endocrinological properties in the human body. Objective of the Study. To observe the effect of yogic training for twelve weeks on basal level of GH and DHEAS in middle aged group. Method. Forty-five untrained volunteers were divided into two groups, that is, yoga practicing (experimental: male 15, age 42.80 ± 7.43 yrs; female 8, age 44.75 ± 8.40 yrs) and waitlisted control group (male 15, age 41.67 ± 7.87 yrs; female 7, age 45.43 ± 7.00 yrs). The experimental group underwent combined yogic practices daily in the morning for 6 days/week for 12 weeks, whereas control group continued their usual routine activities. Standing height, body weight, body mass index, and basal level of GH and DHEAS were measured before commencement and after six and twelve weeks of yogic training period. The repeated measure ANOVA was used for data analysis. Results. 12 weeks of yogic training produces a significant increase in GH and DHEAS for both male and female groups as compared to their baseline data, whereas no as such changes were observed in the control group. Conclusion. Combined approach of graded yogic training may be beneficial for maintaining the basal level of GH and DHEAS in the human body, thus promoting healthy aging

Screening of antimicrobial peptides from hemolymph extract of tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta against urinary tract and wound infecting multidrug-resistant bacteria

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an evolutionarily conserved component of the innate immune response and they were found among all classes of life forms. In the present study AMPs were extracted from the hemolymph of Antheraea mylitta and fractionated by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Antimicrobial activity was tested against three clinically isolated multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, such as urinary tract infecting Escherichia coli, wound infecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus pumilus. Fraction I (comprised of three different peptides of varying mass) did not inhibit the growth of any of these clinical isolates, whereas, fraction III inhibited the growth of B. pumilus without affecting the growth of gram-negative isolates. Fraction II exhibited bactericidal effects against P. aeruginosa and E. coli, whereas, B. pumilus was not susceptible. Scanning electron microscopic study revealed that serious structural alterations of cell morphology and disruption of the outer membrane, that facilitates the release of cytoplasmic content through holes and channels in E. coli, treated with this isolated peptide. Our results indicate that the peptide from the isolated fraction could be used as potent alternative antimicrobial compounds for the treatment of MDR E. coli andP. aeruginosa infections

CONTROL OF IRON DEFICIENCYANAEMIA IN PIGLETS THROUGH 2-7-10-15 MODULE OF ORAL IRON SUPPLEMENTATION

Iron deficiency anemia is the leading cause of piglet mortality. It happens due to low iron stores in piglets at birth, increasing body weight with the high demand for hemoglobin carrying red blood cells, presence of a very low amount of iron in sow’s milk, and immature mechanism of iron absorption in piglets. Iron supplementation is the only way to control it. The present study investigated the efficacy of oral iron supplementation in two different doses @ 30 mg/kg body weight and 150 mg/ kg body weight on suckling piglet performance, control of iron deficiency anemia, and blood as well as organ iron status. The iron supplementation was given on the 2nd, 7th, 10th, and 15 th- day post birth. Oral iron supplementation to piglets improved growth parameters, hemoglobin level, serum Fe and serum ferritin levels, and organ (liver and spleen) Fe levels. Moreover, at weaning, hemoglobin levels of supplemented piglets were normal whereas the un-supplemented piglets were suffering from iron deficiency anemia. Therefore, oral iron supplementation @ of 30 mg/kg body weight on 2-7-10-15 days post-birth may be recommended for control of iron deficiency anemia and improvement of iron status in piglets

Proposed physiological mechanisms of pranayama: A discussion

Background: Pranayama, or yogic breathing technique, is now well-known worldwide by ordinary people, doctors, and scientific communities for its immediate and long-term physiological effect. However, no comprehensive physiological mechanisms explained pranayama. The present study proposed these physiological mechanisms to interpret the underlying science behind pranayama. Method: The author searches PubMed/Medline internet sources for authentic scientific data and articles to acquire evidence following specific keywords. The author reviewed a total of seventy-three papers, following PRISMA guidelines. 17 full articles, including seven systematic reviews, five clinical trials, two observational studies, and three randomized control trials, have been selected to discuss proposed physiological mechanisms. Discussion: This study proposes physiological mechanisms of pranayama. It is commenced from Step 1. Activation of mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors in the respiratory system; then Step 2. Activation of mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors in the circulatory system, followed by Step 3. Activation of brain respiro-circulatory control centre; Step 4. Activation of the cerebellum; Step 5. Activation of the limbic system and finally end with; Step 6. Activation of the cerebral cortex. The physiological adjustment and adaptation mechanisms due to pranayama of all these six proposed areas have been discussed. Authentic scientific evidence has also been presented to support these proposed physiological mechanisms of pranayama. The author stated the study's limitations and suggested future specific scientific experiments in this area of proposed physiological mechanisms of pranayama. Conclusion: These prospective proposed physiological mechanisms of pranayama in the future may provide the best scientific background for therapeutic rehabilitation and for the healthy population to maintain their general wellness

Effect of combined <i>yoga</i> programme on blood levels of thyroid hormones: A quasi-experimental study

9-16There are marked variations in thyroid axis function with advancing age. Yoga is a comprehensive mind-body approach, regular practice of which claim to delay the onset of aging process. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of combine graded yoga program on the basal level of thyroid hormones in healthy middle-aged adults. Forty five healthy men and women were divided into two groups, that is, yoga practicing (experimental: male 15, age 42.80 ± 7.43 yrs; female 8, age 44.75 ± 8.40 yrs) and waitlisted control group (male 15, age 41.67 ± 7.87 yrs; female 7, age 45.43 ± 7.00 yrs). The experimental group underwent combine yogic practices daily in the morning for 6 days/week for 12 weeks, whereas control group continued their usual routine activities. Basal level of serum thyrotropin (TSH), Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4) were measured before commencement and after 6 and 12 weeks of yogic training. The repeated measure ANOVA was used for data analysis. Percentage (%) was also calculated from the mean value to see the quantitative changes of yogic training. Twelve weeks of yogic training produces a significant (least significant difference, p 3 and T4 for both male and female groups as compared to their baseline data, whereas no such changes were observed in the control group during these 12 weeks. Combine approach of graded yogic training modulates the secretion and function of thyroid hormones, identified as one of the regulatory factor associated with aging process