Biological evaluation of potent antioxidant, lipoxygenase inhibitor and antibacterial: A comparative study

AbstractThree biologically active new Schiff bases, 2-[(3-hydroxybenzylidene)amino]phenol 5, 2-[(4-hydroxybenzylidene)amino]phenol 6 and 4-[(2-hydroxyphenylimino)methyl]benzene-1,3-diol 7, were synthesized by the reaction of 2-aminophenol 1 with three different hydroxyl-benzaldehydes 2–4. They were characterized by spectroscopic analysis (IR, 1H NMR, EI-MS) along with elemental analyses. The products were biological screened out for antioxidant, lipoxygenase inhibition, antibacterial and urease inhibition activities. The compounds 5 and 6 showed potent while 7 showed moderate antioxidant activity. Compound 6 showed potent whereas 5 and 7 showed significant lipoxygenase inhibition activity. All the target compounds showed excellent activities against Staphylococcus intermedius, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi bacteria. All the compounds showed non-significant activity against urease enzyme

Outcome of Specific Piriformis Stretching Technique in Females with Piriformis Syndrome

BACKGROUND: Pain and functional limitation affect the quality of life in piriformis syndrome. Stretching of piriformis is essential in the treatment protocols in physiotherapy, however, which sequence of stretching provides optimal improvement is only determined by trial and error. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of specific stretching technique in terms of functional outcome in female with piriformis syndrome and to determine the normative length of piriformis at different reference points in females. METHODS: This study was a randomized controlled trial that was conducted in the Physiotherapy Department of the Armed Forces Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rawalpindi, Pakistan between July to December, 2015. This study enrolled 30 patients with piriformis syndrome at outpatient department between the ages of 20 and 50 years. These patients were randomly assigned into two groups. In one group, external rotator sequence of self-stretching (ERS) was practiced while in the second group, adductor sequence of passive stretching (APS) was performed. Each group was treated for two weeks. Pre and post intervention, the assessment was made on Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Functional Performance of Lower Extremity Scale (FPLES) and by measured length at three reference positions. Independent T-test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Both groups showed improvement in outcome in term of a decrease in pain score on NRPS, FPLES and measured reference lengths at all three positions (p-value 0.05) when results of pain score and measured reference length at three different positions were compared. However, on the FPLES, external rotator stretching technique was more effective than adductor stretching technique (p value < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The two studied sequence of piriformis stretching exercises have the same effect on outcomes in terms of clinically measured referenced length and decrease in pain score. Future studies will highlight which subgroups patients are more likely to get greater benefit for a given technique

Comparison of Cranial Ultrasound and Computed Tomographic Scan Finding in Infants with Post Meningitis Complications

Background &amp; Objective: Neonatal ultrasound is one of the fastest, safest, and most non-invasive methods of detecting intracranial lesions. the objective of the study is to compare cranial ultrasound and computed tomographic scan finding in infants with post meningitis complications. Methodology: A prospective analysis of 84 consecutive term infants was conducted in the department of radiology at the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad(mentioned dates). Transfontanelle ultrasonography was performed with a two-dimensional Sonoace 1500 ultrasound scanner (Medison Inc, South Korea 1995) equipped with a 6.5 megahertz (MHz) curvilinear small head probe. Sagittal and coronal sections were scanned using standard techniques. Results: In the study, the average age of the infants was 4 months. There were 48 (57.1%) males and 36 (42.9%) females out of 84 patients.&nbsp;In all patients, ultrasonography results were confirmed by CT scans. Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography was&nbsp;32.14%. Ultrasonograph revealed hydrocephalus in 21 (25%) of the infants. Conclusion: Seizures are common in infants with post-meningitic complications. Ultrasound can still be used to diagnose post-meningitic complications despite its low diagnostic accuracy. Keywords: Ultrasonography; CT scan ; Post meningitis;Complicatio

Transformative role of educational funding in shaping national development across SAARC countries in the 21st century: A panel NARDL approach

Since the beginning of this century, there has been evidence of a rise in educational funding among the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). However, there has been a decline in recent years despite South Asia being a highly populated and poverty-ridden region. Thus, the present study comes to assess how well the countries are doing in relation to the effect of educational funding on national development indicators, namely economic growth, human capital development, and the unemployment rate among the SAARC countries in the 21st century using Panel Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PNARDL) model formulated in Salisu and Isah (2017). The findings revealed that the impact of educational funding on economic growth and the unemployment rate is an asymmetry in the long run and symmetry in the short run but on the human development index, it is an asymmetry in both terms. However, educational funding is influencing economic growth in the long run, but in the short run is not. Furthermore, educational funding influences human capital development in both terms, but in the long run is negligible. Moreover, educational funding is negligibly discouraging the unemployment rate in both terms

A rare case of tuberculous myocarditis: A diagnostic challenge in a tuberculosis‐endemic country

Key Clinical Message Tuberculous myocarditis is a rare presentation of tuberculosis, posing diagnostic challenges in endemic countries. Clinicians should consider this entity in patients with unexplained heart failure, conduction abnormalities, or sudden cardiac events in tuberculosis‐endemic regions. Abstract Tuberculous myocarditis is an uncommon manifestation of tuberculosis, often presenting as a diagnostic challenge, particularly in tuberculosis‐endemic regions. We report a case of a 58‐year‐old male with a history of chronic cough and fever, who presented with progressive dyspnea, generalized body swelling, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class IV heart failure. Clinical examination revealed signs of cardiac decompensation and congestive heart failure. Emergency echocardiography demonstrated biventricular dysfunction, and imaging showed clots in both atria and the left ventricle. The patient responded well to initial treatment with anticoagulants, antibiotics, diuretics, and inotropic support. Subsequent investigations, including computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) and high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT), confirmed active pulmonary tuberculosis. Anti‐tuberculous treatment (ATT) was initiated, and the patient showed remarkable improvement. The diagnosis of tuberculous myocarditis was based on clinical, radiological, and laboratory evidence, as cardiac biopsy was not performed due to resource limitations. Tuberculous myocarditis is an underreported condition, and clinicians should be vigilant about its occurrence, especially in tuberculosis‐endemic regions. Early recognition and prompt initiation of ATT can lead to favorable outcomes. This case highlights the importance of considering tuberculous myocarditis in patients with unexplained heart failure or cardiac abnormalities in areas with a high burden of tuberculosis

Gallium-67 uptake in histological variants of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma : a correlative study

Introduction: The malignant lymphomas are the fifth most common neoplasm in both men and women. Staging, re-staging and treatment response evaluation pose a difficult task in many patients of lymphomas. Histological variants in both Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's types of lymphoma greatly affect the response to treatment and overall prognosis. Objective: This study was conducted to correlate the degree of abnormal Gallium-67 uptake with the histological variants of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. This project was a part of the study to see the ability of Gallium-67 scintigraphy to predict the response to chemotherapy early in the course of therapy. Material & Methods: 65 patients were included in the study with a mean age of 25 years. All patients had undergone medical imagi ng, bone marrow biopsy and histopathology. Results: Sixty-five patients were classified according to the REAL classification. 11 patients were of T-cell type, 50 were of B-cell type and 4 were anaplastic. 46 showed gallium-67 uptake in the lesions, whereas 19 (29.2%) had no discernable Gallium-67 uptake. Conclusion: There was no correlation between histological sub-types and Gallium-67 uptake in all sub-types of NHL.4 page(s

Heterotrait-Monotrait Ratio (HTMT).

Heterotrait-Monotrait Ratio (HTMT).</p

Factor loadings (Stage 2).

Factor loadings (Stage 2).</p

Path coefficients (SmartPLS based SEM model).

Path coefficients (SmartPLS based SEM model).</p

Variable reliability.

Variable reliability.</p