Papillary carcinoma thyroid with metastasis to ectopic cervical thymus

Papillary carcinoma of thyroid is the most common type of thyroid neoplasm which is usually confined to the thyroid and tends to metastasize to regional lymph nodes. Distant metastasis occur in up to 15% of cases. Thymic metastasis from any malignant carcinoma is extremely rare with only four cases reported in medical literature. We report a case of papillary carcinoma of thyroid metastasizing to ectopic cervical thymus which has not been previously reported

P66shc and its downstream Eps8 and Rac1 proteins are upregulated in esophageal cancers

Members of Shc (src homology and collagen homology) family, p46shc, p52shc, p66shc have known to be related to cell proliferation and carcinogenesis. Whereas p46shc and p52shc drive the reaction forward, the role of p66shc in cancers remains to be understood clearly. Hence, their expression in cancers needs to be evaluated carefully so that Shc analysis may provide prognostic information in the development of carcinogenesis. In the present study, the expression of p66shc and its associate targets namely Eps8 (epidermal pathway substrate 8), Rac1 (ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate1) and Grb2 (growth factor receptor bound protein 2) were examined in fresh tissue specimens from patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma using western blot analysis. A thorough analysis of both esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma showed p66shc expression to be significantly higher in both types of carcinomas as compared to the controls. The controls of adenocarcinoma show a higher basal expression level of p66shc as compared to the controls of squamous cell carcinoma. The expression level of downstream targets of p66shc i.e., eps8 and rac1 was also found to be consistently higher in human esophageal carcinomas, and hence correlated positively with p66shc expression. However the expression of grb2 was found to be equal in both esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. The above results suggest that the pathway operated by p66shc in cancers does not involve the participation of Ras and Grb2 as downstream targets instead it operates the pathway involving Eps8 and Rac1 proteins. From the results it is also suggestive that p66shc may have a role in the regulation of esophageal carcinomas and represents a possible mechanism of signaling for the development of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of esophagus

Comparative study of reconstructive procedures after distal gastrectomy for carcinoma stomach: Jejunal interposition with Billroth I and Billroth II.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional benefits of jejunal interposition against Billroth I and Billroth II and to compare operative time and postoperative complications. Study design: Prospective randomized study. Methods: This study included 45 patients who underwent distal gastrectomy for Ca stomach. Patients were divided into three groups randomly. Group A included 15 patients with reconstruction by jejunal interposition, group B included 15 patients reconstructed by Billroth I gastroduodenostomy and group C included 15 patients reconstructed by Billroth II gastrojejunostomy. Gastrointestinal continuity was restored by hand-sewn anastomosis in one layer traversing through all coats. Results: Maximum incidence of the disease in our series was in the age group 60-70 years. Males were commonly affected with the male to female ratio of 5.4:1. The mean operating time in jejunal interposition group was longer than Billroth I and Billroth II procedures (256, 195, 209 mins respectively). No serious postoperative complications occurred in either group. Weight loss was observed in all the three groups postoperatively although it was less in jejunal interposition group. Regarding serum nutritional parameters there was significant improvement in haemoglobin, serum cholesterol, blood glucose, total protein, serum albumin, serum iron and B12 levels. Conclusions: Jejunal interposition after distal gastrectomy can recover physiological continuity of digestive tract and improve quality of life without complications. Significant advantage of the new procedure was observed in terms of nutritional status

Comparative in-vitro microscopic evaluation of vertical marginal discrepancy, microhardness, and surface roughness of nickel–chromium in new and recast alloy

Abstract Reusing of alloy has become a need of time due to the increasing demand, depletion of resources, and substantial increase in their price. The alloys used require a long-term stay in the oral cavity exposed to a wet environment, so they must have good wear resistance, biocompatibility, and mechanically good strength. In this study, the vertical marginal discrepancy, surface roughness, and microhardness of the new and recast nickel–chromium (base metal) alloys were evaluated. 125 wax patterns were fabricated from a customized stainless steel master die with a heavy chamfer cervical margin divided into 5 groups. Each group had 25 samples. Group A: 25 wax patterns were cast using 100% by weight of new alloy, Group B: the casting was done by using 75% new alloy and 25% alloy by weight, Group C: wax patterns were cast using 50% new alloy and 50% alloy, Group D: 25% new alloy and 75% alloy and Group E: 100% recast alloy. The vertical marginal discrepancy was measured by an analytical scanning microscope, microhardness was tested on a universal testing machine, and surface roughness was on a tester of surface roughness. Castings produced using new alloys were better than those obtained with reused alloys. Alloys can be reused till 50% by weight along with the new alloy and accelerated casting technique can be used to save the lab time to fabricate castings with acceptable vertical marginal discrepancy, microhardness, and surface roughness. This indicated that 50% recasting of (Ni–Cr) can be used as a good alternative for the new alloy from an economical point of view