Comparative Double Blind Clinical Trial Study of Side Effects of Areca catechu L., TTHF, and Mebendazole, in Treatment of Human Mixed Worm Infection

This study was carried out in Mahasarakham Primary Healthcare Centre, Mahasarakham province in the area of Northeastern of Thailand. The experiment was carried on with 200   samples  with  randomized control trial clinical study in order to examine the side effects of Areca catechu Linn., TTHF and  Mebendazole  after the treatment of antihelmintic activity of mixed worms infection in human . The 3 experimental groups consisted of 50 patients in each group and 50 patients for control group testing with placebo with inclusion and exclusion criteria which were screened by parasitologist of mixed worm infection symptoms samples. The investigation  of side effects were investigated after treating the first dose of Areca catechu Linn, TTHF and Mebendazole which were confirmed by the physician and the pharmacist. The side effects data were collected before and after the treatment with Areca catechu Linn. and with placebo. The result showed that Areca catechu Linn. had 20% of diarrhea and 20% of nausea, 20% of diarrhea in Mebendazole  and 0% in TTHF.The suggestion of this study should increase the number of samples of worm infected patients and also the numbers of locations in Thailand  in order to obtain various kinds of helminthes.Key words: TTHF (Thai Traditional  Herbal  Formula); Mebendazole; Areca catechu Linn.; Side effects; Antihelmintic activit

Ancient Thai Medicinal Formula, Volume 5: The Therapeutic and Clinical Drug Review Extracted from Ancient Thai Palm Leaf Manuscripts

This research is a descriptive and explorative study and is aimed at defining the composition and indication of Thai traditional herbal medicinal preparations which were derived from the ancient Thai medicinal of palm leaf scriptures, chapter no.3, and volume 5. The research was investigated by the team of Mahasarakham University committee which consisted of pharmacist, biologists, interpreters and editors. The complete manuscripts contained 5 volumes in Thai Noi, Tham Esarn, khemer and Thai traditional languages. Each traditional medicinal herb diagnosed the symptoms of the patients and treats them with herbal preparations according to their local herbal medicinal knowledge and experiences in order to relieve various symptoms and diseases. These historic formulations were created over a period of hundreds of years before the advent of modern medicine.Key words: Palm leaf manuscripts; Therapeutic treatments; Thai Folk Herbalist

The Comparative Double Blind Clinical Trial of Antihelmintic Efficacy Among Mebendazole, Thai Traditional Herbal Formulae and Areca catechu L.

This study was carried out in Mahasarakham Primary Healthcare Centre, Mahasarakham province in the area of Northeastern of Thailand. The experiment was randomized control trial clinical comparative study in order to examine the antihelmintic activity efficacy among Mebendazole, Thai Traditional Formulae, Areca catechu Linn. in the treatment of 200 mixed worms infection in human. The experimental group consisted of 150 patients and 50 patients for control group with inclusion and exclusion criteria which were screened by the selected mix worm infected patients samples. The investigation and extraction of worm eggs per gram of patient feces method (EPG) were performed with Ether Formalin Sedimentation test. The percentage of reduction of eggs per gram (EPG) of patient feces were collected, counted and confirmed by parasitologist and the clinical efficacy were investigated by the physician and the pharmacist. The % EPG data were collected before and after the treatment with Mebendazole, Thai Traditional Formulae, Areca catechu Linn. and with placebo. The result showed that Thai Traditional Formulae had the highest efficacy in antihelmintic activity followed by the efficacy of Mebendazole and Areca catechu Linn. respectively. The antihelmintic efficacy which were measured by the % reduction of egg worm per gram of patient feces were 93.69, 87.50, 68.12 respectively. The statistical analysis confirmation in this study were carried out by Wilcoxson Signed Ranks test and Kruskal Wallis method. The suggestion of this study should increase the number of samples of worm infected patients which the samples can be identified with more specific helminthes genus and species in order to obtain various types of efficacy by the treatment of different medicine as mentioned above.Key words: Efficacy; Thai Traditional Formula medicine; Mebendazole; Areca Catechu Lin.; Egg per gra

The Therapeutic and Clinical Drug Review of Thai Traditional Herbal Remedies Extracted from Ancient Thai Medicinal Manuscript Volume No. 3 of Palm Leaf Scriptures

This research is a descriptive and explorative study and is aimed at defining the composition and indication of Thai traditional herbal medicinal preparations which were derived from the ancient Thai medicinal of palm leaf scriptures, chapter no.3, and volume 1.The research investigated by the team of Mahasarakham University committee which consisted of pharmacist, biologists, interpreters and editors. The complete manuscripts contained 5 volumes in Thai Noi, Tham Esarn, khemer and Thai traditional languages. Each traditional medicinal herb diagnosed the symptoms of the patients and treats them with herbal preparations according to their local herbal medicinal knowledge and experiences in order to relieve various symptoms and diseases. These historic formulations were created over a period of hundreds of years before the advent of modern medicine.Key words: Palm leaf scriptures; Therapeutic treatments; Folk doctor’s; Thai traditional herbal remedie

Use of the p-SINE1-r2 in inferring evolutionary relationships of Thai rice varieties with AA genome

In a previous study we described the prevalence and distribution in Thailand of the retroposon p- SINE1-r2, in the intron 10 of the waxy gene in cultivated and wild rice with the AA genome. In this study, additional varieties of rice were collected and sequencing was used to further characterize p-SINE1-r2. It was found that the length of the p-SINE1-r2 nucleotide sequences was about 125 bp, flanked by identical direct repeats of a 14 bp sequence. These sequences were compared and found to be similar to the sequences of p- SINE1-r2 found in Nipponbare, a rice strain discussed in a separate study. However, when compared the 48 DNA sequences identified in this study, much dissimilarity was found within the nucleotide sequences of p- SINE1-r2, in the form of base substitution mutations. Phylogenetic relationships inferred from the nucleotide sequences of these elements in cultivated rice (O. sativa) and wild rice (O. nivara). It was found that rice accessions collected from the same geographical distribution have been placed in the same clade. The phylogenetic tree supports the origin and distribution of these rice strains