Distribution of different types of expressive lexicon in 18–24-monthold Sorani-Kurdish-speaking children

Background: In the age of 18–19 months, a child’s lexicon increases by acquisition of five words per week. Linguists consider this a period of vocabulary spurt. In the early stages of language acquisition, the diversity of vocabulary also increases in addition to an increase in the number of words. The goal of the present study was to examine the distribution of different types of expressive words in 18–24-month-old Sorani-Kurdish-speaking children. Methods: The present research was conducted in a longitudinal form (for three months) on 16 Kurdish infants of Bukan 81 fo syob ruof dna slrig ruof) syob ruof dna slrig ruof dna ,ega ni shtnom of 21 months). Normal children were selected, based on their health and demographic records. The data collection materials included a weekly vocabulary recording sheet, a vocabulary list, and a demographic questionnaire. All the data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 software, with the significance level set at 0. 05. Since the data were normally distributed, ot detcejbus erew selpmas tnednepedni T-tests and repeated measures ANOVA were used to compare the vocabulary distribution (nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs) in gender and age groups. Results: There was no significant difference between genders in the number and type of words (P>0.05). In both groups, with increasing age, the number and variation of the words increased (P<0.05). The most frequently expressed words were nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs. Among the expressed nouns, the most common ones were food categories (19.51%). Of the expressed adjectives, the most common ones related to condition. Among the expressed verbs, the most common ones were imperatives (80%) and positives (90%). Among the expressed adverbs, the most common ones were adverbs of place (90%). Conclusion: It seems from the findings that the distribution and diversity of vocabulary categories follow a pattern similar to other languages

How Effective is Swedish Massage on Blood Glucose Level in Children with Diabetes Mellitus?

&quot;nThis study was conducted to determine the effect of Swedish massage on blood glucose level in children with diabetes mellitus (DM). It was prospective randomized controlled trial study that conducted on 36 children, 6-12 years old with DM, recruited from a hospital in Qom City, Iran. The children were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Swedish massage was performed 15 minutes, 3 times a week, for 3 months in intervention group. The blood glucose levels were evaluated immediately after every session of massage in two groups. The mean ages of children in the intervention (n=18) and control (n=18) groups were 9.05 &amp;plusmn; 1.55 and 9.83 &amp;plusmn;2.03 years respectively. There was statistically no significant difference in blood glucose levels before intervention between two groups (P=0.586), but the blood glucose levels were lower significantly in intervention group in comparison with control group after intervention (P&amp;lt;0.0001). Addition of Swedish massage to daily routines; exercise, diet and medication regimens, is an effective intervention to reduce blood glucose level in diabetic children

Graduate Students’ Satisfaction with Supervisory Performance in Thesis Process in University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation (USWR) in 2011-2012

Introduction: This research was designed to determine the satisfaction level of postgraduate students of USWR with supervisory performance of supervisor and advisor in Thesis process in 1390-1391. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on postgraduate students of USWR who were preparing for thesis defense between 2011 October to 2012 June. Samples were selected through census. A researcher made questionnaire was completed by postgraduate students (n=106) who visited postgraduate office prior to their thesis defense. We used Kruskal-Wallis test, generalized linear model, chi2, and Fisher’s exact tests for data analysis. Results: The study showed that students’ satisfaction with their supervisors and advisors were at a high level. A statistically significant difference was observed between age (P= 0.022) and students’ academic level (P= 0.026) with their level of satisfaction with supervisors. We found statistically significant relationships between level of satisfaction with advisors considering age (P= 0.013), gender (P= 0.001), type of thesis (P= 0.018) and also type of school (P= 0.019). Conclusion: Although this research showed that students’ level of satisfaction with their supervisors and advisors of thesis project was at a high level in the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, but we should emphasis on empowering students̕ research capabilities

99 mTc-MIBI washout as a complementary factor in the evaluation of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) using myocardial perfusion imaging

Rapid technetium-99 m methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99 mTc-MIBI) washout has been shown to occur in impairedmyocardia. This study is based on the hypothesis that scintigraphy can be applied to calculate the myocardial 99 mTc-MIBI washout rate (WR) to diagnose and evaluate heart failure severity and other left ventricular functional parameters specifically in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) patients. Patients with IDCMP (n = 17; 52.65 ± 11.47 years) and normal subjects (n = 6; 49.67 ± 10.15 years)were intravenously administered 99 mTc-hexakis-2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99 mTc-MIBI). Next, early and delayed planar data were acquired (at 3.5-h intervals), and electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was performed. The 99 mTc-MIBI WR was calculated using early and delayed planar images. Left ventricular functional parameters were also analyzed using quantitative gated SPECT (QGS) data. In target group, myocardial WRs (29.13 ± 6.68%) were significantly higher than those of control subjects (14.17 ± 3.31%; P\0.001). The 99 mTc-MIBI WR increased with the increasing severity of the NYHA functional class (23.16 ± 1.72% for class I, 30.25 ± 0.95%for class II, 32.60 ± 6.73%for class III, and 37.50 ± 7.77% for class IV; P = 0.02). The WR was positively correlated with the end-diastolic volume (EDV) index (r2 = 0.216; b = 0.464; P = 0.02 [ml/m2], the end-systolic volume (ESV) index (r2 = 0.234; b = 0.484; P = 0.01 [ml/m2]), the summed motion score (SMS) (r2 = 0.544; b = 0.738; P = 0.00), and the summed thickening score (STS) (r2 = 0.656; b = 0.810; P = 0.00); it was negatively correlated with the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (r2 = 0.679; b = –0.824; P = 0.00). It can be concluded that 99 mTc-MIBI scintigraphy might be a valuable molecular imaging tool for the diagnosis and evaluation of myocardial damage or dysfunction severity