Selective bilateral internal iliac artery embolization for controlling refractory hematuria due to the metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a case report

Bladder squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) may lead to gross hematuria. However, the metastasis of head and neck cutaneous SCC to the urinary bladder has not been described in literature. Nowadays, noninvasive methods such as embolization, are considered as an appropriate choice for controlling life-threatening hematuria in patients with high operative risk. However, few reports exist on the effectiveness of this approach in managing the hematuria secondary to metastatic bladder SCC. Here we report a case of bladder SCC originating from the forehead cutaneous SCC. An 83-year-old man, a known case of forehead cutaneous SCC with distant metastasis, referred to our clinic with a chief complaint of hematuria. Pathology confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic urinary bladder SCC. Angiography and embolization were undertaken and resulted in complete alleviation of the symptoms. The recurrence of hematuria or embolization-related complications were not observed during 3-month follow-up. Selective embolization of the bilateral internal iliac artery is a safe and efficient procedure for controlling severe hematuria in patients with primary or metastatic bladder SCC

Accuracy of Ipex-I and Root ZX Mini Electronic Apex Locators and Conventional Radiography in Determining Root Canal Length in Primary Molars with Root Resorption: A Narrative Review

Background and purpose: One of the main goals in pediatric dentistry is to maintain deciduous teeth until the permanent teeth grow. In cases where the pulp of deciduous teeth is involved, pulpectomy is needed which requires determining the correct working length of the canals and cleaning and filling their interior space using a proper filling material. The principles of successful endodontic treatment in permanent teeth are well known, but, determining the anatomy of the canal of deciduous teeth is difficult due to the resorption and deposition of hard tissue in the root canal, the shape, dimensions, and variable conditions of root apex. Therefore, in this narrative review, we investigated the accuracy of Ipex-I and Root ZX mini electronic apex locators and conventional radiography in root canal length determination in resorbed primary molars. A thorough search was conducted in Science Direct, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Irandoc, SID, Magiran, and Iranmedex covering the articles published in 2000–2020. According to findings, all techniques mentioned were found to have almost similar accuracy in determining the working length in resorbed deciduous molars. However, obtaining radiography images may be difficult in children, therefore, apex locators are more preferable to the conventional method

Comparison of Behavioral Problems and Skills of 7-12-Year-Old Students With a Physical/Motor Disability at Mainstream aewnd Special Schools

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the behavioral problems and abilities of 7-12-year-old students with a physical/motor disability at mainstream and special schools.&nbsp; Methods: The data in this comparative (cross sectional-analytic) study were collected using total population sampling, A sample of 247 students with a physical/motor disability including 153 students (67 females and 86 males) at special schools and 94 students (41 females and 53 males) at mainstream schools participated in this study. Data were collected using the Teacher and Parents versions of the child&rsquo;s Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Each version includes five aspects, namely, emotional symptoms, conduct problems, attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder, peer relationship problems for measuring behavioral problems and the Prosocial Behaviors Questionnaire for estimating behavioral skills. Data analysis was performed using non-parametric Man-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: Students with a physical/motor disability studying at mainstream schools significantly differed from those studying at special schools in terms of behavioral problems (P<0.05). The obtained mean scores revealed that the students&rsquo; behavioral problems were less frequent at mainstream schools and more common at special schools. Based on teachers&rsquo; viewpoints, there was a significant difference in behavioral skills among students with a physical/motor disability at mainstream and special schools. However, according to parents, there was no significant difference in behavioral skills between students at both schools.&nbsp; Discussion: Our data demonstrate that behavioral problems of students with a physical/motor disability are fewer in mainstream schools indicating stronger behavior skills than their peers in special schools. In view of our data, we recommend the possibility of integrating the education of special needs students at regular schools