A hybrid technique for face detection in color images

In this paper, a hybrid technique for face detection in color images is presented. The proposed technique combines three analysis models, namely skin detection, automatic eye localization, and appearance-based face/nonface classification. Using a robust histogram-based skin detection model, skin-like pixels are first identified in the RGB color space. Based on this, face bounding-boxes are extracted from the image. On detecting a face bounding-box, approximate positions of the candidate mouth feature points are identified using the redness property of image pixels. A region-based eye localization step, based on the detected mouth feature points, is then applied to face bounding-boxes to locate possible eye feature points in the image. Based on the distance between the detected eye feature points, face/non-face classification is performed over a normalized search area using the Bayesian discriminating feature (BDF) analysis method. Some subjective evaluation results are presented on images taken using digital cameras and a Webcam, representing both indoor and outdoor scenes

An interactive and multi-level framework for summarising user generated videos

We present an interactive and multi-level abstraction framework for user-generated video (UGV) summarisation, allowing a user the flexibility to select a summarisation criterion out of a number of methods provided by the system. First, a given raw video is segmented into shots, and each shot is further decomposed into sub-shots in line with the change in dominant camera motion. Secondly, principal component analysis (PCA) is applied to the colour representation of the collection of sub-shots, and a content map is created using the first few components. Each sub-shot is represented with a ``footprint'' on the content map, which reveals its content significance (coverage) and the most dynamic segment. The final stage of abstraction is devised in a user-assisted manner whereby a user is able to specify a desired summary length, with options to interactively perform abstraction at different granularity of visual comprehension. The results obtained show the potential benefit in significantly alleviating the burden of laborious user intervention associated with conventional video editing/browsing

Facial features and appearance-based classification for face detection in color images

A technique is presented for frontal face detection in color images based on facial feature extraction and appearance-based classification. Salient facial features are used to define a search space that is then used in a classification step in order to find the best position of the face in the image. Mouth feature points are identified using the redness property of image pixels whilst eye feature points are detected using a search strategy applied to a subset of regions in a fine region-based segmentation of the candidate face. Face class modeling based on a multivariate normal distribution and discriminating feature analysis is used as the face classification method. The utilization of facial features in this system avoids analyzing the image at every pixel location as well as at multiple scales when detecting faces of different sizes

Identifying person re-occurrences for personal photo management applications

Automatic identification of "who" is present in individual digital images within a photo management system using only content-based analysis is an extremely difficult problem. The authors present a system which enables identification of person reoccurrences within a personal photo management application by combining image content-based analysis tools with context data from image capture. This combined system employs automatic face detection and body-patch matching techniques, which collectively facilitate identifying person re-occurrences within images grouped into events based on context data. The authors introduce a face detection approach combining a histogram-based skin detection model and a modified BDF face detection method to detect multiple frontal faces in colour images. Corresponding body patches are then automatically segmented relative to the size, location and orientation of the detected faces in the image. The authors investigate the suitability of using different colour descriptors, including MPEG-7 colour descriptors, color coherent vectors (CCV) and color correlograms for effective body-patch matching. The system has been successfully integrated into the MediAssist platform, a prototype Web-based system for personal photo management, and runs on over 13000 personal photos

Peningkatan Kemampuan Menulis melalui Metode Diskusi pada Siswa SMPN 2 Kembayan

Purpose of the study is was enhance the ability of to write personal letters via the method of discussion in class VII A SMPN 2 Kembayan. And describe the efforts of teachers ability to write personal letters. Method used is a form of group discussion classroom action research. This sample is class VII. The analysis of research data shows gains in the first cycle an average value of 61,56. Second cycle with an average value of 69,53. Percentage of mastery learning in the first cycle is 77,28% percentage of mastery learning in the second cycle is 89,28%. With the increase in mastery learning from cycle I to cycle II is 12%. Group discussion method can improve students skill in writing skills

Penggunaan Alat Peraga Penggaris Geser untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Matematika Kelas V

A common problem in this study is whether the use of visual aids can improve the sliding ruler and student learning outcomes in the material operations of addition and subtraction of integers in class V MIS Baitul Hikmah Gammon River . This research method is descriptive , this study is the form of classroom action research . The procedure consisted of planning , implementation , observation and reflection . Engineering studies using direct observation techniques . The tools used for data collection in this study is the observation sheet teachers and students . The implementation of this class action implemented as much as 3 cycles . The results obtained have increased from cycle to cycle . The ability of teachers preparing lesson plans increased by 0.6 in the first cycle to the second cycle and 0.1 in the second cycle to cycle III . The ability of teachers to implement learning has increased , 0:35 in the first cycle to the second cycle , and 0.2 in the second cycle to cycle III . Student learning outcomes are also experienced after using props eningkat sliding ruler of 14.12 in the first cycle to cycle II , and 13.58 in the second cycle to cycle III

MediAssist: Using content-based analysis and context to manage personal photo collections

We present work which organises personal digital photo collections based on contextual information, such as time and location, combined with content-based analysis such as face detection and other feature detectors. The MediAssist demonstration system illustrates the results of our research into digital photo management, showing how a combination of automatically extracted context and content-based information, together with user annotation, facilitates efficient searching of personal photo collections

SB 909/HB 1408 Virginia Fair Housing Law; unlawful discriminatory housing practices

This report provides a legislative racial impact analysis of Senate Bill (SB) 909, a proposed bill in the Virginia General Assembly, to expand the Virginia Fair Housing Law to include lawful sources of income. Specifically, this report examines state and county source of income laws and their variances by race and ethnicity