Assessment of Brush Biopsy Findings and Salivary LDH Levels in Oral Mucosal Lesions of Tobacco Users

INTRODUCTION: The Oral Brush Cytology has been developed to improve efficacy of conventional cytology and salivary LDH which is a cytoplasmic enzyme has been widely used as a marker for diagnosing various diseases. The purpose of the study is to evaluate and compare the brush biopsy findings with the corresponding salivary LDH levels for the early diagnosis of premalignant and malignant lesions of the oral cavity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 80 patients with deleterious habits with tobacco related lesions were screened and included in the study. For each patient saliva sample was collected and brush biopsy was done and smears were prepared. Collected saliva samples were analyzed for salivary LDH levels and prepared smears were analyzed for dysplastic changes and statistical analysis was made. RESULTS: Out of 80 sapmples, 30 were leukoplakia, 45 were tobacco pouch keratosis and 5 were oral cancer and 13 samples showed positive dysplastic changes, 26 samples showed atypical dysplastic changes and 41 samples showed no signs of dysplastic changes and concluded as negative. On comparing the results of brush biopsy findings and salivary LDH levels the mean salivary LDH value for the samples with positive dysplasia was 103.615, the mean salivary LDH value for the samples with atypical dysplasia was 65.449 and the mean salivary LDH value for the samples with negative dysplasia was 48.721 and the P-value was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The role of brush biopsy in detection of oral cancer is possible even at early stage of the lesion. When comparing with other noninvasive techniques, brush biopsy showed increased sensitivity and specificity in detecting premalignant lesions and Salivary LDH levels which can be used as a diagnostic biomarker and its detection can serve as a potent diagnostic aid

Curious Case of Rodent Poison: A Case Report

Osteonecrosis was first described as a consequence of ionizing radiation used in the treatment of malignant tumors but later a variety of causes for osteonecrosis were found which include, Medication induced, radiation induced, chemical induced and infection induced. Terms such as: bisphosphonate osteonecrosis (BON), Bisphosphonate Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaws (BONJ), Bisphosphonate Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws (BRONJ), Antiresorptive Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (ARONJ) and Medication Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ) have all had proponents and all continue to be utilized. However, Migliorati  first proposed a designation of the disease as osteochemonecrosis. This case report is about a chemical induced osteonecrosis patient who placed rat poison inside the mouth.&nbsp

Endovascular Management of Primary Aortoenteric Fistulae

Primary aortoenteric fistula (AEF) is a rare clinical entity which is life-threatening. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment play a crucial role in the management. Minimally invasive approaches such as endovascular treatment are newer options in treatment. We describe three patients with primary AEF successfully managed with endovascular treatment. The presentation of primary AEF may be acute, with an exsanguinating unstable patient who would be unfit to undergo a major laparotomy. In such instances, endovascular treatment can be used as the initial option to control the bleeding. Endovascular treatment is a valuable treatment option to control bleeding when the morbidity of open repair is high