723 research outputs found
Future Reflections: Four Scenarios for Television in 2012: a senario analysis study of the television industry
Interview with Sam Foster
In his April 15, 2015 interview with Rebecca Masters, Sam Foster rates the Presidency of Anthony DiGiorgio and recalls the evolution of Winthrop. Included, Foster shares his opinions on Winthrop’s strengths and weaknesses and what challenges Winthrop may face in the future. This interview was conducted for inclusion into the Louise Pettus Archives and Special Collections Oral History Program.https://digitalcommons.winthrop.edu/oralhistoryprogram/1300/thumbnail.jp
International Trademark Protection and Global Public Health: A Just-Compensation Regime for Expropriations and Regulatory Takings
Traditions of Belligerent Recognition: The Libyan Intervention in Historical and Theoretical Context
Traditions of Belligerent Recognition: The Libyan Intervention in Historical and Theoretical Context
On February 26 and March 17, 2011, the U.N. Security Council adopted two resolutions authorizing sanctions, referral to the International Criminal Court and military intervention to protect civilians during the Libyan Civil War. Despite these rapid and well-supported interventions, France decided, on March 10, 2011, to recognize the largely anonymous and poorly understood National Transitional Council based in the eastern city of Benghazi as the legitimate representative of the Libyan people. The move both confused its allies and raised a number of legal problems for France, Libya and participants in the multilateral intervention. Nevertheless, Italy, Qatar, the United States, the United Kingdom and other states soon recognized the National Transitional Council either as a legitimate government in Libya or the only legitimate government in Libya. This article situates the decision to recognize the National Transitional Council in the context of the international law on belligerent recognition, ultimately arguing that -- whatever the difficulties recognition may cause for other objectives embodied in Security Council Resolutions 1970 and 1973 -- recognizing revolutionaries fits squarely within the larger framework by which third-party states manage civil wars to safeguard international order
Traditions of Belligerent Recognition: The Libyan Intervention in Historical and Theoretical Context
Adic tropicalizations and cofinality of Gubler models
We introduce adic tropicalizations for subschemes of toric varieties as
limits of Gubler models associated to polyhedral covers of the ordinary
tropicalization. Our main result shows that Huber's adic analytification of a
subscheme of a toric variety is naturally isomorphic to the inverse limit of
its adic tropicalizations, in the category of locally topologically ringed
spaces. The key new technical idea underlying this theorem is cofinality of
Gubler models, which we prove for projective schemes and also for more general
compact analytic domains in closed subschemes of toric varieties. In addition,
we introduce a G-topology and structure sheaf on ordinary tropicalizations, and
show that Berkovich analytifications are limits of ordinary tropicalizations in
the category of topologically ringed topoi.Comment: 17 page
On the Expressive Power of User-Defined Effects: Effect Handlers, Monadic Reflection, Delimited Control
We compare the expressive power of three programming abstractions for
user-defined computational effects: Bauer and Pretnar's effect handlers,
Filinski's monadic reflection, and delimited control without
answer-type-modification. This comparison allows a precise discussion about the
relative expressiveness of each programming abstraction. It also demonstrates
the sensitivity of the relative expressiveness of user-defined effects to
seemingly orthogonal language features. We present three calculi, one per
abstraction, extending Levy's call-by-push-value. For each calculus, we present
syntax, operational semantics, a natural type-and-effect system, and, for
effect handlers and monadic reflection, a set-theoretic denotational semantics.
We establish their basic meta-theoretic properties: safety, termination, and,
where applicable, soundness and adequacy. Using Felleisen's notion of a macro
translation, we show that these abstractions can macro-express each other, and
show which translations preserve typeability. We use the adequate finitary
set-theoretic denotational semantics for the monadic calculus to show that
effect handlers cannot be macro-expressed while preserving typeability either
by monadic reflection or by delimited control. We supplement our development
with a mechanised Abella formalisation
The envelope gene of transmitted HIV-1 resists a late interferon gamma-induced block
Type I interferon (IFN) signaling engenders an antiviral state that likely plays an important role in constraining HIV-1 transmission and contributes to defining subsequent AIDS pathogenesis. Type II IFN (IFNγ) also induces an antiviral state but is often primarily considered to be an immunomodulatory cytokine. We report that IFNγ stimulation can induce an antiviral state that can be both distinct from that of type I interferon, and can potently inhibit HIV-1 in primary CD4+ T cells and a number of human cell lines. Strikingly, we find that transmitted/founder (TF) HIV-1 viruses can resist a late block that is induced by type II IFN, and the use of chimeric IFNγ- sensitive/resistant viruses indicates that interferon-resistance maps to the env gene. Simultaneously, in vitro evolution also revealed that just a single amino acid substitution in envelope can confer substantial resistance to IFN-mediated inhibition. Thus, the env gene of transmitted HIV-1 confers resistance to a late block that is phenotypically distinct from those previously described to be resisted by env, and is therefore mediated by unknown IFNγ-stimulated factor(s) in human CD4+ T cells and cell lines. This important unidentified block could play a key role in constraining HIV-1 transmission
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