68 research outputs found

    Prevalence and risk factors for sensorineural hearing loss: Western Sicily overview

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    The objective of this work was to evaluate the prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and distribution of the main risk factors associated to it focusing on their role in the development of deafness and their interaction. We performed a global audiological assessment (through TEOAE, tympanometry and ABR) in 508 infants at risk studying the main risk factors reported by Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (2007). Fifty-one infants (10.03 %) were diagnosed with SNHL (45 bilateral and 6 unilateral) with a mean hearing threshold of 87.39 \ub1 28.25 dB HL; family history of hearing impairment (HI) and TORCH infections indicated independent significant risk factors (P < 0.00001 and P = 0.024, respectively). High SNHL percentages were evidenced also in NICU babies, due to the various pathologies and risk factors presented by these infants, and among newborns who suffered from hyperbilirubinemia (11.97 and 9.52 %, respectively). The mean degree of hearing loss for children with family history of HI (>100 dB HL) emphasizes the necessity of an early diagnosis to avoid the consequences of auditory deprivation. Craniofacial abnormalities and syndromes associated to HI showed an important relationship (P < 0.00001) with conductive hearing loss. A progressive increase was evidenced in SNHL incidence as the number of risk factors rises (from 5.12 for 2 risk factors to 28.5 % for 5 or more) with a significant difference among the groups (P = 0.049); multiple risk factors showed an additional cofactor for HL (r2 = 0.93). Considering the high SNHL prevalence (10.03 %) in infants at risk, this study highlights the necessity to implement a neonatal hearing screening program in Western Sicily

    Speech perception outcomes after cochlear implantation in prelingually deaf infants: The Western Sicily experience

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    Objectives: To describe audiometric characteristics and speech perception performances of prelingually deaf Sicilian children after cochlear implantation; to identify the influence of cochlear implant (CI) user and family's characteristics on speech recognition and intelligibility outcomes. Methods: Twenty-eight infants with a congenital or acquired hearing impairment and implanted before the 3rd year of life were studied; all children suffered from bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) with evidence of lack of hearing aids benefit and no evidence of intellectual disability. The study of the main characteristics associated with CI user and family's profile was performed with a clinical assessment including pre-implant and post-implant (1, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months) behavioural audiometry (evaluating average threshold for the frequencies 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 KHz) and speech recognition tests (IT-MAIS, MUSS, CAP and SIR). Results: Our cohort was characterized by an early diagnosis of SNHL (5.77 and 12.17 months for congenital and acquired HL respectively), a short length of deafness (average = 6.78 months) and an implantation before the 3rd year of life (mean = 24.25 months; range from 10 to 36). Analysis of audiometric threshold revealed a significantly improved capacity to detect sounds within the conversational speech spectrum after 12 months from implantation (r = 0.99; p < 0.001). The main speech recognition test evidenced speech perception and speech intelligibility performances (CAP median value of 3; SIR category = 3 in 46.42%) equal to those children with same characteristics reported by literature. With the exception of 'daily CI use' (p < 0.001), none of the variables associated with CI user and family's profile resulted significant predictor of speech perception improvement. Conclusions: This work demonstrates that all children of our cohort, with an early diagnosis of SNHL and a CI surgery performed before the 3rd year of life, presented a progressive audiometric and speech improvement through the first 12-18 months after cochlear implantation. The study also highlights that, differently from the others variables studied, a continuous CI use influences significantly speech perception and recognition outcomes

    Stapedotomia V.S. Stapedectomia: nostra esperienza

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    RAZIONALE La chirurgia della staffa ha visto negli ultimi anni molte innovazioni nel trattamento chirurgico dell'otosclerosi. In particolare, la stapedectomia \ue8 stata sostituita sempre pi\uf9 dalla stapedotomia prima con metodo classico e successivamente con metodica invertita, in quanto si ritiene che tali varianti chirurgiche consentano una maggiore riduzione del gap tra via ossea e via aerea per le alte frequenze, una migliore discriminazione vocale oltre che minori complicanze intra e post operatorie. Lo scopo del presente studio \ue8 stato quello di confrontare i risultati della stapedotomia con la stapedectomia nei pazienti affetti da otosclerosi e in particolare il miglior recupero uditivo e l'insorgenza di complicanze intra e post-operatorie. MATERIALI E METODI Le variabili oggetto del nostro studio sono state: il sesso, l'et\ue0, la familiarit\ue0. I pazienti sono stati sottoposti a timpanometria e a audiometria tonale pre-operatoria e post-operatoria a distanza di 2 mesi dall'intervento. Le soglie uditive per la via aerea sono state ottenute per le frequenze 250-8000 Hz, mentre le soglie uditive per la via ossea sono state ottenute per le frequenze 250-4000 Hz. La soglia media (PTA) \ue8 stata calcolata per le frequenze 0.5, 1, 2, e 4 kHz ed \ue8 stato calcolato il gap tra la soglia media della via aerea e ossea. Infine si \ue8 valutata la presenza di acufeni e vertigini post-operatorie. Il confronto tra le due tecniche chirurgiche \ue8 stato eseguito tramite test \u3c72 a un livello di significativit\ue0 P < 0.05 per ognuna di queste variabili. RISULTATI I pazienti trattati con stapedotomia dimostrano risultati in termini di valori audiometrici migliori per la frequenza 4 kHz per la via aerea ed una riduzione del gap tra la via aerea e la via ossea per la stessa frequenza (p < 0.05) . L' insorgenza di acufeni e vertigini post-operatorie \ue8 ridotta in seguito a intervento di stapedotomia, anche se i risultati ottenuti non sono statisticamente significativi, probabilmente perch\ue8 la presenza di queste due complicanze dipende anche dai materiali protesici utilizzati e dall'esperienza del chirurgo. CONCLUSIONI La stapedotomia, attualmente, sembra essere l'intervento di scelta rispetto alla stapedectomia, non solo per i migliori risultati audiometrici ottenuti per la frequenze acute ma anche per la minore incidenza di complicanze post-operatorie. Di contro la stapedectomia \ue8 un intervento imprescindibile qualora vi sia una totale compromissione della staffa o frattura della platina intraoperatoriamente

    Identification of D179H, a novel missense GJB2 mutation in a Western Sicily family

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    The main purpose of this study was to describe a novel missense mutation (p.D179H) found in a Western Sicily family and to examine the genetic and audiologic profiles of all family members by performing a GJB2 and GJB6 mutations analysis and a complete audiologic assessment. The proband was a 3-month-old infant with a congenital profound sensorineural hearing loss; direct sequencing of the GJB2 revealed the presence of a c.35delG mutation in the heterozygous state and a heterozygous G[C transition at nucleotide 535 in trans; this novel mutation, called p.D179H, resulted in an aspartic acid to histidine change at codon 179. It was also evidenced in the heterozygous state in two members of this family, both with normal hearing. No GJB6 mutations were evidenced in all subjects studied. Considering the genotypic and phenotypic analysis of all family members, we suggest, differently from the p.D179 N mutation previously reported, a recessive mode of inheritance. Functional studies on p.D179H have to be performed to confirm our hypothesis

    FOLLOW-UP AFTER PEDIATRIC MYRINGOPLASTY: OUTCOME AT 5 YEARS

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    Aim. The aim of this paper was to evaluate anatomical and functional outcomes 5 years after myringoplasty in children affected by perforated eardrum. To analyze the main differences in the frequency of postoperative complications between patients under and over 9 years of age. Methods. One hundred and thirty-two children, aged from 4 to 15 years, who underwent myringoplasty with or without mastoidectomy, were followed for a five-year period after surgery. The cohort was divided in two groups: children from 4 to 9 years old (G1) and patients older than 9 years (G2); all subjects underwent a pre- and post-operatively clinical exam and were evaluated through audiometry and impedenzometry. Adenoidectomy, if necessary, was performed three months before myringoplasty. Results. Of the total 132 children of our cohort, the 32.58% were from 4 to 9 years old (G1) and the 67.42% were older than 9 years (G2). Twenty-five (58.13%) G1 and 2 (2.24%) G2 patients underwent adenoidectomy before myringoplasty (P<0.0001); in 18 (41.86%) G1 and 23 (25.84%) G2 subjects a mastoidetomy was associated to myringoplasty (P=0.062). The main postoperative complications observed were respectively retraction pockets (9.3%) and recurrent seromucous otitis (9.3%) in G1 group and myringosclerosis (4.4%) in G2 group. The GAP index (IG) resulted >2 (good-excellent degree) in the 89.36% of G1 and 91% of G2 children (P>0.5). Conclusion. Nevertheless good audiologic outcomes in patients under and over 9 years of age, our study evidenced a different percentages of success after myringoplasty in G1 and G2 groups (P=0.0024). Thus, considering the higher percentage of postoperative complications in children with less than 9 years of age, myringoplasty should be considered cautiously due to the risk of reperforation and/or cholesteatoma

    Neuropatia uditiva: incidenza e caratteristiche cliniche in neonati a rischio

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    INTRODUZIONE La neuropatia uditiva (NU), entità nosografica di recente individuazione, costituisce un’importante causa di ipoacusia di grado variabile dal lieve al severo, ad insorgenza sia nella primissima infanzia che nell’età giovanile, raramente nell’anziano. È riconducibile ad alterazioni di alcune componenti della via uditiva, tra cui le cellule cocleari ciliate interne (le esterne sono caratteristicamente risparmiate), le loro sinapsi con le fibre afferenti del nervo acustico o il nervo acustico stesso. L’eziologia, fatta eccezione per le forme riconducibili a mutazioni del gene OTOF (codificante per l’otoferlina, una proteina espressa dalle cellule ciliate interne cocleari), è stata posta in relazione con differenti fattori di rischio. In particolare, diversi studi hanno evidenziato una maggiore incidenza di NU tra i neonati ricoverati in UTIN o esposti, in epoca perinatale, a particolari condizioni quali iperbilirubinemia, anossia, patologie infettive, farmaci ~ 239 ~ ototossici. MATERIALI E METODI Dato il caratteristico profilo audiologico la diagnosi necessita della registrazione contemporanea delle OAEs (presenti in quanto integre le cellule ciliate esterne) e delle risposte ABR che risultano alterate, desincronizzate o addirittura irriconoscibili. Si rileva anche l’assenza del riflesso stapediale, sia ipsi che controlateralmente. RISULTATI Il nostro studio ha rilevato, in un campione di 110 bambini ricoverati in UTIN per un periodo &gt; 5 giorni, 15 soggetti con deficit uditivo, tra i quali sono stati individuati 4 casi (26,6%) con profilo audiologico compatibile con diagnosi di NU.Gli autori descrivono le caratteristiche audiologiche ed eziologiche legate a suddetti pazienti paragonando l’incidenza della neuropatia uditiva in UTIN, il grado della sordità, la mono-bilateralità, i fattori di rischio e l’iter riabilitativo più idoneo con i dati riportati in letteratura. CONCLUSIONI La neuropatia uditiva, essendo causa di ipoacusia, può compromettere lo sviluppo del linguaggio e necessita di una diagnosi tempestiva per poter adottare le opportune misure riabilitative. In considerazione della necessità di esecuzione contemporanea di OAEs e dell’ABR ai fini di una corretta diagnosi, oltre che dei costi associati a quest’ultima metodica si raccomanda la valutazione dei potenziali evocati uditivi nei neonati ricoverati in UTIN e nei soggetti esposti a fattori di rischio più frequentemente associati a NU

    Efficacy and pharmacological appropriateness of cinnarizine and dimenhydrinate in the treatment of vertigo and related symptoms

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    Vertigo is not itself a disease, but rather a symptom of various syndromes and disorders that jeopardize balance function, which is essential for daily activities. It is an abnormal sensation of motion that usually occurs in the absence of motion, or when a motion is sensed inaccurately. Due to the complexity of the etiopathogenesis of vertigo, many pharmacological treatments have been tested for efficacy on vertigo. Among these drugs, cinnarizine, usually given together with dimenhydrinate, appears to be the first-line pharmacotherapy for the management of vertigo and inner ear disorders. Based on these considerations, the present non-interventional study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy and tolerability of a fixed combination of cinnarizine (20 mg) and dimenhydrinate (40 mg) in patients suffering from vertigo-related symptoms. To this end, we enrolled 120 adults—70 males, and 50 females—with an average age of 64 years. Before beginning pharmacological treatment, all patients were screened for the intensity of vertigo, dizziness, and concomitant symptoms through the Visual Scale of Dizziness Disorders and Dizziness Handicap Inventory scales. At the end of the anamnestic evaluation, patients received the fixed-dose combination of cinnarizine (20 mg) plus dimenhydrinate (40 mg) 3 times daily, for 60 days. The results of this study provide further insight regarding the efficacy of the fixed combination when used to reduce symptoms of vestibular vertigo of central and/or peripheral origin, after both the 15-and 60-day therapies. Independent of the type of vertigo, the fixed combination was able to reduce dizziness-and vertigo-associated symptoms in more than 75% of all patients treated, starting from 15 days of therapy, and improving 60 days after starting the therapy. Interestingly, we also found differences between male and female patients in the framework of the pharmacological effects of therapy. This study provides further details concerning the therapeutic efficacy of the fixed combination of cinnarizine and dimenhydrinate, and also focuses attention on the possibility that these drugs could act in a gender-specific manner, paving the way for further research

    Psychopathologic disease in patients with tinnitus: a case control of an outpatient cohort

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    The goal of this work was to study if patients suffering from tinnitus, that affects 14.5% of Italian people, are more susceptible to psychological distress than those who are not affected by tinnitus; to evaluate the prevalence of psychopathological disorders among the cohort, their relationship with the severity of tinnitus and eventual correlation between the distress caused by tinnitus and age of patients. 191 cases and 237 controls were enrolled between 2009-2011. Cases were 80 females and 111 males with mean age of 48.06. Controls were 106 females and 131 males with mean age of 47.09. Overall subjects completed Symptom CheckList-90 R (SCL 90-R) and some brief questionnaire about audiological history while Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) was compiled by cases. Our study indicates that there is a significance correlation between tinnitus and psychopathological disorders, especially with anxiety (\u3c72=8.08; p=0.004) and sleep disturbance (\u3c72=38.85; p=0.0001) and there is a slight correlation between higher THI score and lower age subjects (r=0.76). Especially causing working impairment, the highest correlation resulted for ages 25-50 (r=0.96)

    Epidemiologia, aspetti genetici e clinici nei neonati con familiarità per ipoacusia: esperienza di un centro di terzo livello

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    INTRODUZIONE Rilievo frequente nei soggetti affetti da ipoacusia neurosensoriale (SNHL) è un' anamnesi familiare positiva per sordità, correlata a mutazioni genetiche, non sempre facilmente individuate, responsabili del deficit uditivo. L'eziologia genetica costituisce complessivamente il 50-60% di tutte le cause di sordità. Si distinguono forme sindromiche e non sindromiche, queste ultime classificabili secondo le differenti modalità di trasmissione. Nel 50-80% dei casi è riscontrabile una mutazione interessante il gene della connessina 26 (GJB2) localizzato sul cromosoma 13 che oramai è noto, codifica per una proteina chiamata in causa nei processi di trasduzione dello stimolo sonoro. La medesima funzione appare essere svolta dalla connessina 30 (GJB6), e dalla connessina 31 (GJB3). Nei soggetti con ipoacusia di origine genetica si osserva un'ampia variabilit¨¤ nel profilo audiologico e nel decorso clinico in relazione ai geni coinvolti e al tipo di mutazione. Infatti è riscontrabile una perdita uditiva di grado variabile dal moderato al profondo, presente già alla nascita o insorta in epoche successive, a progressione clinica variabile. MATERIALI E METODI Il ruolo di primo piano che rivestono i fattori genetici nello sviluppo di ipoacusia si evince dai risultati relativi alla nostra casistica, costituita da 412 bambini (con età al momento della diagnosi compresa tra 1 e 6 mesi) esposti a fattori di rischio per SNHL in epoca prenatale e perinatale. RISULTATI In 41 casi (9,95% della popolazione in esame) è stata identificata una storia familiare di ipoacusia e tra questi, in 15 soggetti (36,7%) è stata evidenziata una perdita uditiva. L'analisi statistica ha rilevato una differenza significativa tra i soggetti esposti e non esposti a tale fattore (x2=28,56 e p&lt;0,0001) confermando quanto già descrtitto in letteratura ossia che la una storia familiare di ipoacusia costituisce di per se un fattore di rischio indipendente per sordità. La perdita uditiva è risultata essere nel 100% dei casi di tipo neurosensoriale ed a sede cocleare, prevalentemente di grado profondo (con un valore medio di 100,69¡À16.46 dB HL), interessante entrambi gli orecchi (93.33%). Tutti i soggetti identificati come sordi sono stati sottoposti ad indagine genetica ed in alcuni casi è stato possibile, risalire alle mutazioni responsabili di tale quadro patologico (prevalentemente a carico del gene GJB2). CONCLUSIONI Considerata l'elevata incidenza, il ruolo che svolge tra i fattori di rischio nel determinismo della sordità, la frequente gravità del deficit uditivo ad essa associato, la familiarità necessita di una particolare attenzione mediante un'accurata anamnesi e un counselling genetico finalizzato a riconoscere precocemente tale condizione e l'eventuale ipoacusia ad essa associata. Ciò consente,soprattutto nelle forme ad insorgenza preverbale, l'attuazione di quei presidi riabilitativi e quindi un corretto sviluppo linguistico, cognitivo e, in definitiva, sociale del bambino

    TINNITUS PATIENTS: ETIOLOGIC, AUDIOLOGIC AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILE

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    Tinnitus represents one of the most frequent symptoms observed in the general population in association with different pathologies, although often its etiology remains unclear. Objective of this work is to evidence the main aspects concerning epidemiology, causes, audiological characteristics and psychological consequences of tinnitus
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