Spain in the international urban networks around the First World War

The neutrality of Spain during First World War brought with it a significant economic growth. Then, Spain timidly joined the town planning forums of meetings, debates and exchanges that took place in the post-war European era. Some Spanish public institutions as the Instituto de Reformas Sociales, responsible for the social housing policy, and the City Councils of Madrid, Barcelona and Bilbao, which tried to order their development; private institutions such as the Compañía Madrileña de Urbanización, promoter of the Madrid Linear City by Arturo Soria, and the Civic Society Ciudat Jardí in Barcelona, diffuser of the Garden City movement in Catalonia; and the first Town Planning Professor in the School of Architecture of Madrid, César Cort, attended different congresses looking for a solution to the housing problem along with the town planning extension issue. The aim of this paper is to show the Spanish town planners and technicians who participated in the international urban networks in order to consolidate the Spanish urbanism through the new technical, theoretical and legal tools that were being implemented in Europe. They also attended to proudly show some Spanish advances

Gaining Ground: Proactive Reproductive Health, Rights and Justice Legislation in the States

This report examines the state of reproductive rights at the end of 2021 as a record number of states have stepped up to protect and secure abortion access and make reproductive health care more accessible, equitable, and humane.Specifically, legislatures introduced?at least 1,096 proactive health, rights, and justice pieces of legislation – believed to be the greatest number of proactive bills ever attempted. Thirty-six states and the District of Columbia enacted at least one proactive law to address reproductive health care, leading to the 179 enacted reproductive health, rights and justice policies – the most passed in a single year since NIRH began keeping track.

Analysis and Enhancement of CSMA/CA with Deferral in Power-Line Communications

Power-line communications are employed in home networking to provide easy and high-throughput connectivity. The IEEE 1901, the MAC protocol for power-line networks, employs a CSMA/CA protocol similar to that of 802.11, but is substantially more complex, which probably explains why little is known about its performance. One of the key differences between the two protocols is that whereas 802.11 only reacts upon collisions, 1901 also reacts upon several consecutive transmissions and thus can potentially achieve better performance by avoiding unnecessary collisions. In this paper, we propose a model for the 1901 MAC. Our analysis reveals that the default configuration of 1901 does not fully exploit its potential and that its performance degrades with the number of stations. Based on analytical reasoning, we derive a configuration for the parameters of 1901 that drastically improves throughput and achieves optimal performance without requiring the knowledge of the number of stations in the network. In contrast, 802.11 requires knowing the number of contending stations to provide a similar performance, which is unfeasible for realistic traffic patterns. We confirm our results and enhancement with testbed measurements, by implementing the 1901 MAC protocol on WiFi hardware.Publicad

Adjustable Portable Makeup Chair

This Final Design Report (FDR) presents the development and evaluation of our adjustable portable makeup chair that is designed to meet the specific needs of makeup artists. To remedy the lack of height adjusting and compact makeup chairs in the market currently, our senior design project planned on creating a height adjusting and portable makeup chair that will be suitable for makeup artists of different heights and is easily transported from one location to another, ideally in the makeup artists car backseat. After finalizing our design, through CAD (SolidWorks), dimensions, equipment and materials which were needed to create our chair, we ordered our materials through different vendors and started building in the machine shops available to us. We used various manufacturing processes such as metal saw cutting, welding, hydraulic tube bending, and 3D printing. The main gas spring we were planning on using to be the main mechanism to activate the height adjusting feature of the chair as well as make it compact was unavailable due to time and manufacturing constraints, so a 3D printed telescoping cylinder was used. Some tolerancing issues also arose when it came time to build the chair. These issues while creating obstacles led us to refine our design and learn from them in order to improve the manufacturing and building of the chair for future production. There was also some instability in the chair that might cause it to tip over and this observation was important to us to make some recommendations or let our sponsor know this might be an aspect that needs refining as well to make a more stable chair. After manufacturing we finished our prototype that showed the functionality of the chair and that it would be compact. Again, without the spring we could not lock the chair at various heights, but our prototype showed it could be compact and ideally it would be suitable to be height adjusted if a proper mechanism could be locked at a certain height

Hyponatremia During Induction Therapy in Distinct Pediatric Oncological Cohorts: A Retrospective Study.

BACKGROUND: Hyponatremia is a well-known adverse event of repeated therapy with vincristine in oncological patients. However, to date, data in pediatric patients with malignant diseases other than acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are sparse or lacking. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 98 pediatric patients was conducted to analyze the incidence of hyponatremia in a Caucasian cohort of newly diagnosed ALL. For comparison, we further examined five other pediatric oncological cohorts (Hodgkin's disease, Ewing sarcoma, Wilms tumor, benign glioma of the CNS, Langerhans cell histiocytosis) that receive alkaloids in their induction regimes. RESULTS: We found a high incidence of hyponatremia (14.7%) in our ALL cohort with a trend toward male patients of elementary school age. None of the affected patients showed neurological symptoms. By comparison, patients from other malignancy groups did not show significant hyponatremia, regardless of their comparable therapy with alkaloids. We here show a noticeable coincidence of hyponatremia and hypertriglyceridemia in ALL patients, indicating a possible role of L-asparaginase-related hypertriglyceridemia in the development of severe hyponatremia in such patients. CONCLUSION: We report a higher incidence of hyponatremia following vincristine therapy in Caucasian children with ALL than published before. This hyponatremia could not be demonstrated in other oncologic cohorts treated with alkaloids. L-Asparaginase-induced hypertriglyceridemia may play a role in the certainly multifactorial development of hyponatremia in childhood leukemia

Palliative Care Posters - 2019

Palliative Care Posters - 2019https://scholarlycommons.libraryinfo.bhs.org/research_education/1009/thumbnail.jp

Assessment of FIV-C infection of cats as a function of treatment with the protease inhibitor, TL-3

BACKGROUND: The protease inhibitor, TL-3, demonstrated broad efficacy in vitro against FIV, HIV and SIV (simian immunodeficiency virus), and exhibited very strong protective effects on early neurologic alterations in the CNS of FIV-PPR infected cats. In this study, we analyzed TL-3 efficacy using a highly pathogenic FIV-C isolate, which causes a severe acute phase immunodeficiency syndrome, with high early mortality rates. RESULTS: Twenty cats were infected with uncloned FIV-C and half were treated with TL-3 while the other half were left untreated. Two uninfected cats were used as controls. The general health and the immunological and virological status of the animals was monitored for eight weeks following infection. All infected animals became viremic independent of TL-3 treatment and seven of 20 FIV-C infected animals developed severe immunodepletive disease in conjunction with significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher viral RNA loads as compared to asymptomatic animals. A marked and progressive increase in CD8(+ )T lymphocytes in animals surviving acute phase infection was noted, which was not evident in symptomatic animals (p ≤ 0.05). Average viral loads were lower in TL-3 treated animals and of the 6 animals requiring euthanasia, four were from the untreated cohort. At eight weeks post infection, half of the TL-3 treated animals and only one of six untreated animals had viral loads below detection limits. Analysis of protease genes in TL-3 treated animals with higher than average viral loads revealed sequence variations relative to wild type protease. In particular, one mutant, D105G, imparted 5-fold resistance against TL-3 relative to wild type protease. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that the protease inhibitor, TL-3, when administered orally as a monotherapy, did not prevent viremia in cats infected with high dose FIV-C. However, the modest lowering of viral loads with TL-3 treatment, the greater survival rate in symptomatic animals of the treated cohort, and the lower average viral load in TL-3 treated animals at eight weeks post infection is indicative of a therapeutic effect of the compound on virus infection

Clinical profile and mortality in patients with T. cruzi/HIV co-infection from the multicenter data base of the “Network for healthcare and study of Trypanosoma cruzi/HIV co-infection and other immunosuppression conditions”

Coinfecciones; Trypanosoma cruzi; Enfermedades parasitariasCoinfeccions; Trypanosoma cruzi; Malalties parasitàriesCo-infections; Trypanosoma cruzi; Parasitic diseasesObjective Chagas disease (CD) globalization facilitated the co-infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in endemic and non-endemic areas. Considering the underestimation of Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi)-HIV co-infection and the risk of life-threatening Chagas Disease Reactivation (CDR), this study aimed to analyze the major co-infection clinical characteristics and its mortality rates. Methods This is a cross-sectional retrospective multicenter study of patients with CD confirmed by two serological or one parasitological tests, and HIV infection confirmed by immunoblot. CDR was diagnosed by direct microscopy with detection of trypomastigote forms in the blood or other biological fluids and/or amastigote forms in inflammatory lesions. Results Out of 241 patients with co-infection, 86.7% were from Brazil, 47.5% had <200 CD4+ T cells/μL and median viral load was 17,000 copies/μL. Sixty CDR cases were observed. Death was more frequent in patients with reactivation and was mainly caused by CDR. Other causes of death unrelated to CDR were the manifestation of opportunistic infections in those with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. The time between the co-infection diagnosis to death was shorter in patients with CDR. Lower CD4+ cells count at co-infection diagnosis was independently associated with reactivation. Similarly, lower CD4+ cells numbers at co-infection diagnosis and male sex were associated with higher lethality in CDR. Additionally, CD4+ cells were lower in meningoencephalitis than in myocarditis and milder forms. Conclusion This study showed major features on T. cruzi-HIV co-infection and highlighted the prognostic role of CD4+ cells for reactivation and mortality. Since lethality was high in meningoencephalitis and all untreated patients died shortly after the diagnosis, early diagnosis, immediate antiparasitic treatment, patient follow-up and epidemiological surveillance are essentials in T. cruzi/HIV co-infection and CDR managements.The author(s) received no specific funding for this work

Antithrombin deficiency is associated with mortality and impaired organ function in septic pediatric patients: a retrospective study

Background Sepsis remains a major problem in intensive care medicine. It is often accompanied by coagulopathies, leading to thrombotic occlusion of small vessels with subsequent organ damage and even fatal multi-organ failure. Prediction of the clinical course and outcome—especially in the heterogeneous group of pediatric patients—is difficult. Antithrombin, as an endogenous anticoagulant enzyme with anti-inflammatory properties, plays a central role in controling coagulation and infections. We investigated the relationship between antithrombin levels and organ failure as well as mortality in pediatric patients with sepsis. Methods Data from 164 patients under the age of 18, diagnosed with sepsis, were retrospectively reviewed. Antithrombin levels were recorded three days before to three days after peak C-reactive protein to correlate antithrombin levels with inflammatory activity. Using the concept of developmental haemostasis, patients were divided into groups <1 yr and ≥1 yr of age. Results In both age groups, survivors had significantly higher levels of antithrombin than did deceased patients. An optimal threshold level for antithrombin was calculated by ROC analysis for survival: 41.5% (<1 yr) and 67.5% (≥1 yr). The mortality rate above this level was 3.3% (<1 yr) and 9.5% (≥1 yr), and below this level 41.7% (<1 yr) and 32.2% (≥1 yr); OR 18.8 (1.74 to 1005.02), p = 0.0047, and OR 4.46 (1.54 to 14.89), p = 0.003. In children <1 yr with antithrombin levels <41.5% the rate of respiratory failure (66.7%) was significantly higher than in patients with antithrombin levels above this threshold level (23.3%), OR 6.23 (1.23 to 37.81), p = 0.0132. In children ≥1 yr, both liver failure (20.3% vs 1.6%, OR 15.55 (2.16 to 685.01), p = 0.0008) and a dysfunctional intestinal tract (16.9% vs 4.8%, OR 4.04 (0.97 to 24.08), p = 0.0395) occurred more frequently above the antithrombin threshold level of 67.5%. Conclusion In pediatric septic patients, significantly increased mortality and levels of organ failure were found below an age-dependent antithrombin threshold level. Antithrombin could be useful as a prognostic marker for survival and occurrence of organ failure in pediatric sepsis

Colpocitologia oncótica: instrumento para sistematização da assistência de enfermagem / Oncotic colpocytology: instrument for systematizing nursing care

Introdução: No Brasil, o tumor de colo uterino é o segundo mais diagnosticado por ano, sendo 4,8 mil vítimas fatais e 18,5 mil casos novos em toda a população feminina. Quando o diagnóstico é precoce tem uma maior probabilidade de cura e a coleta do exame de colpocitologia oncótica é o exame utilizado para essa prevenção e investigação da doença. O exame de colpocitologia oncótica, também conhecido como método de Papanicolau, faz parte do Processo de Enfermagem (PE) e da consulta de enfermagem, sendo aplicado na Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem (SAE), que se baseia em um instrumento com uma metodologia de organização, planejamento e execução dessa assistência.Objetivo: O objetivo desse estudo foi desenvolver um instrumento de Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem (SAE), com sua aplicação na consulta de enfermagem em saúde da mulher, para a realização do exame de colpocitologia oncótica.Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório e descritivo utilizando revisão bibliográfica. Após levantamento teórico-científico e principais queixas das mulheres ao procurarem uma unidade de saúde com Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) na cidade de Peruíbe-SP, criou-se durante o período de estágio supervisionado dos alunos de Enfermagem da Faculdade Peruíbe-Unisepe, um instrumento para a SAE e complementar a ele, um grupo educativo antes da coleta do exame de colpocitologia oncótica. Resultados e Discussão: A elaboração do instrumento da SAE corroborou para uma organização sistemática durante a consulta de enfermagem. Com a implantação da consulta de enfermagem e do grupo educativo, dinamizou o atendimento, incentivando à compreensão da necessidade de melhoria na qualidade de vida com ênfase no autoconhecimento, além da melhoria do autocuidado, familiar e comunitário, e a compreensão da necessidade real do acesso ao serviço de saúde.  Considerações Finais: O instrumento elaborado permitiu formar conclusões com base em sua aplicação no período de estágio supervisionado, assim como nas buscas em forma de revisão literária sobre o assunto, as quais demonstraram eficiência no PE com a utilização da SAE. Essas análises demonstram a necessidade de programas de capacitação de forma sistematizada e, a partir desses resultados, pode-se propor a aplicação de algumas intervenções em direção da melhoria da qualidade da assistência prestada em saúde da mulher