Effects of the use of raw or cooked chickpeas and the sausage cooking time on the quality of a lamb-meat, olive-oil emulsion-type sausage

Producción CientíficaReformulation of cooked sausages using high-protein plant-based food such as chickpea as meat extenders and vegetable oils to replace animal fat can be a suitable approach to promote the consumption of smaller portions of meat. The pre-processing of chickpea and the sausage cooking intensity can potentially affect the quality of reformulated sausages. In this study, an emulsion-type sausage made with lamb meat, chickpea and olive oil was prepared in triplicate following three different formulations containing the same targeted levels of protein (8.9%), lipids (21.5%), and starch (2.9%): control sausage (CON; control, without chickpea), and raw (RCP) and cooked chickpea (CCP) sausages (both with 7% chickpea). Sausages were cooked at 85 °C for two heating times (40 min or 80 min) and were analysed for weight loss, emulsion stability, colour, texture, lipid oxidation and volatile composition. Compared to CON sausages, the use of raw chickpea reduced the elasticity and significantly increased lipid oxidation during the sausage-making process resulting in changes in the volatile composition. The use of previously cooked chickpea, however, resulted in the sausages having greater cooking loss, hardness and chewiness than CON sausages, while there was no difference in lipid oxidation, and differences in volatile compounds were scarce. The reformulation with cooked chickpea could provide a sausage with more similarity to the CON sausage. The extended heating time of 80 min at 85 °C did not significantly affect the quality traits in either CON or reformulated sausages except for a higher cooking loss.Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Project (A2008001m

Technological quality traits and volatile compounds of Andean alpaca (Vicugna pacos) charqui freshly prepared and after five months of storage

Se han determinado los valores de diversos parámetros de interés tecnológico (pH, capacidad de retención de agua, rendimiento, color, estabilidad oxidativa), así como el contenido de compuestos volátiles en el espacio de cabeza en el charqui andino de alpaca recién elaborado y el producto después de 5 meses de almacenamiento a 15 ºC, protegido con película impermeable al vapor de agua y de alta permeabilidad al oxígeno. Para el estudio se utilizaron 30 muestras de charqui de pierna de alpaca deshilachado procedente de 30 elaboradores de la región de Puno en Perú. Después del almacenamiento se observaron incrementos significativos en las pérdidas de sólidos durante la hidratación, el pH, las sustancias reactivas al ácido tiobarbitúrico y el color, respecto al producto recién elaborado. También se observó una disminución en el contenido en compuestos volátiles en el espacio de cabeza, que podría afectar de forma notoria al sabor del charqui.ABSTRACT Selected technological quality traits (pH, water holding capacity, yield, colour and oxidative stability), and headspace volatile compounds in alpaca Andean charqui have been assessed. The determinations were carried out in both, fresh charqui and stored charqui (for 5 months at 15 ºC, packaged with a moisture impermeable and high oxygen permeability film). A total of thirty shredded charqui samples made from alpaca legs elaborated by thirty different producers from the Puno region in Peru were analysed. Stored charqui showed significantly higher values if total solids losses during hydration, pH, thiobarbituric acid substances and colour parameters than the fresh charqui. In addition, a decrease in most of the volatile compounds of headspace was detected after storage, which could be responsible for flavour time-related changes