Relationship between the Increased Haemostatic Properties of Blood Platelets and Oxidative Stress Level in Multiple Sclerosis Patients with the Secondary Progressive Stage

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the autoimmune disease of the central nervous system with complex pathogenesis, different clinical courses and recurrent neurological relapses and/or progression. Despite various scientific papers that focused on early stage of MS, our study targets selective group of late stage secondary progressive MS patients. The presented work is concerned with the reactivity of blood platelets in primary hemostasis in SP MS patients. 50 SP MS patients and 50 healthy volunteers (never diagnosed with MS or other chronic diseases) were examined to evaluate the biological activity of blood platelets (adhesion, aggregation), especially their response to the most important physiological agonists (thrombin, ADP, and collagen) and the effect of oxidative stress on platelet activity. We found that the blood platelets from SP MS patients were significantly more sensitive to all used agonists in comparison with control group. Moreover, the platelet hemostatic function was advanced in patients suffering from SP MS and positively correlated with increased production of in these cells, as well as with Expanded Disability Status Scale. We postulate that the increased oxidative stress in blood platelets in SP MS may be primarily responsible for the altered haemostatic properties of blood platelets.Grants nos. 506/1136 and 545/785 from University of Lodz

Poststroke Depression as a Factor Adversely Affecting the Level of Oxidative Damage to Plasma Proteins during a Brain Stroke

Poststroke depression, the second most serious psychosomatic complication after brain stroke, leads to delay of the rehabilitation process and is associated with an increased disability and cognitive impairment along with increase in termmortality. Research into the biochemical changes in depression is still insufficiently described. The aim of our study was therefore to evaluate the possible association between plasma protein oxidative/nitrative damages and the development of poststroke depression. We evaluated oxidative/nitrative modifications of specific proteins by measurement of 3-nitrotyrosine and carbonyl groups levels using ELISA test. Additionally, we checked differences in proteins thiol groups by spectrophotometric assay based on reaction between DTNB and thiols. We also evaluated catalase activity in erythrocytes measured as ability to decompose H2O2. Correlation analysis was performed using Spearman’s rank. We observed significant ( < 0.001) differences in all oxidative/nitrative stress parameters in brain stroke patients compared to healthy group.Our research shows that oxidative damage of proteins is correlated with the degree of poststroke depression, while nitrative changes do not show any relationship.We demonstrate a positive correlation between the concentration of carbonyl groups and the Geriatric Depression Scale and a negative correlation between the degree of depression and the concentration of -SH groups or catalase activity

Toxicology

With the financial support of Internal Security Fund Police Programme European Commission Directorate General Home Affairs. This project has been founded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and European Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein

Autoimmunizacyjne choroby tarczycy jako czynnik ryzyka chorób układu sercowo-naczyniowego

Epidemiological studies show that autoimmune process is an important factor in the pathoge­nesis of the cardiovascular diseases. Increased risk of cardiovascular disease is observed in patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders, this resulted with both abnormal hormone levels as well as with cytotoxic effects of autoantibodies, autoreactive lymphocytes and the inflammatory mediators. Autoimmune thyroid disease are a Graves’ disease — the most common cause of hyperthyroidism and Hashimoto’s disease, also known as a chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. Many studies show that changes in the level of thyroid hormones affect on the function of the heart and pathological changes in the cardiovascular system. The progression of autoimmune reactions may be contribute to the development of different autoimmune diseases or concomitant diseases resulted with disturbances in various organs and systems, including the cardiovascular system. The research suggests that the autoimmunity process and chronic inflammation determine the disturbance of heart function.W badaniach epidemiologicznych wskazuje się, że ważnym czynnikiem patogenezy chorób układu sercowo-naczyniowego jest toczący się proces autoimmunizacyjny. Zwiększone ryzyko występowania chorób układu krążenia obserwuje się między innymi u osób z autoim­munizacyjnymi chorobami tarczycy, co wynika zarówno z zaburzeń hormonalnych, jak i z cytotoksycznego działania autoprzeciwciał, autoreaktywnych limfocytów i mediatorów prozapalnych. Autoimmunizacyjne choroby tarczycy to: choroba Gravesa-Basedowa, odpowiedzialna za nadczynność tarczycy, oraz przewlekłe limfocytarne zapalenie tarczycy typu Hashimoto związane z niedoczynnością tego gruczołu. Wyniki wielu badań wskazują, że nawet stosunkowo nieduże wahania stężenia hormonów tarczycy oddziałują na czynność mięśnia sercowego oraz prowadzą do zmian patologicznych w układzie sercowo-naczyniowym. Pojawienie się jednej choroby z autoagresji zwiększa ryzyko równoległego wystąpienia innej o tym samym podłożu lub wtórnie rozwijającej się na skutek zaburzenia pracy innych układów i narządów, w tym układu sercowo-naczyniowego. W badaniach wykazano, że proces autoimmunizacji i związany z nim przewlekły stan zapalny determinują zaburzenia czynności mięśnia sercowego

The hemostasis disorders responsible for changes in the cardiovascular system observed in autoimmune thyroid diseases

W badaniach epidemiologicznych potwierdzono zwiększone ryzyko występowania nieprawidłowych mechanizmów hemostazy u osób z zaburzeniami czynności tarczycy. Hormony tarczycy kontrolują funkcje życiowe całego organizmu, w tym procesy hemostazy i prawidłową czynność układu sercowo-naczyniowego. Wśród powszechnych chorób tarczycy związanych z nieprawidłowym stężeniem hormonów we krwi wyróżnia się choroby autoimmunizacyjne, takie jak zapalenie tarczycy typu Hashimoto oraz chorobę Gravesa i Basedowa. Cechą charakterystyczną zaburzeń immunologicznych w tych chorobach jest obecność we krwi specyficznych przeciwciał skierowanych przeciwko własnym antygenom tarczycowym. Niekompetentna odpowiedź układu odpornościowego, skierowana przeciwko własnym tkankom, której towarzyszy przewlekły stan zapalny jest przyczyną niedoczynności bądź nadczynności tarczycy. W pracy przedstawiono opis patofizjologicznych zmian zachodzących w układzie hemostazy u osób z nadczynnością i niedoczynnością gruczołu tarczowego.Epidemiological studies confirm the risk of cardiovascular diseases in patients with endocrine problems. Thyroid hormones affect the functioning of the whole body, including the processes of hemostasis and cardiovascular system. Disruption of the thyroid gland, resulting in abnormal levels of hormones in the blood include autoimmune Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease. A characteristic of these disorders is the presence of specific antibodies in the blood directed against own thyroid antigens, accompanied by chronic inflammation. The consequence of these processes are the development of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. AITD often coexisted with circulatory system disorders, whose are resulting from changes in the hemostatic system. Coagulation diseases in patients with hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism may be varied processes, and their nature is dependent on many factors e.g. the type of a metabolic disorder, disease duration, age and general condition of the patient

Isoprostanes and Neuroprostanes as Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Accumulating data shows that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in neurodegenerative disorders. The literature data indicate that in vivo or postmortem cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue levels of F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs) especially F4-neuroprotanes (F4-NPs) are significantly increased in some neurodegenerative diseases: multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Central nervous system is the most metabolically active organ of the body characterized by high requirement for oxygen and relatively low antioxidative activity, what makes neurons and glia highly susceptible to destruction by reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and neurodegeneration. The discovery of F2-IsoPs and F4-NPs as markers of lipid peroxidation caused by the free radicals has opened up new areas of investigation regarding the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of human neurodegenerative diseases. This review focuses on the relationship between F2-IsoPs and F4-NPs as biomarkers of oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases. We summarize the knowledge of these novel biomarkers of oxidative stress and the advantages of monitoring their formation to better define the involvement of oxidative stress in neurological diseases

The Level of Isoprostanes as a Non-invasive Marker for in vivo Lipid Peroxidation in Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

This article is published with open access at Springerlink.comOxidative stress leads to lipid peroxidation and may contribute to the pathogenesis of lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory as well as degenerative phenomena. Isoprostanes are prostaglandin-like compounds which are formed by free radical catalysed peroxidation of arachidonic acid esterified in membrane phospholipids. They are a new class of sensitive specific markers for in vivo lipid peroxidation. In this study 26 patients (15 females and 11 males; mean age 48.2 ± 15.2 year; mean disease duration 10.0 ± 6.5 year) with secondary progressive MS (SPMS) and 12 healthy controls were enrolled. In patients with multiple sclerosis the lipid peroxidation as the level of urine isoprostanes and the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) in plasma were estimated. Moreover, we estimated the total antioxidative status (TAS) in plasma. It was found that the urine isoprostanes level was over 6-fold elevated in patients with SPMS than in control (P\0.001). In SPMS patients TBARS level was also statistically higher than in controls (P\0.01).However, we did not observed any difference of TAS level in serum between SPMS patients and controls (P[0.05). In patients with SPMS the lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress measured as the increased level of isoprostanes was observed. Thus, we suggest that the level of isoprostanes may be used as non-invasive marker for a determination of oxidative stress what in turn, together with clinical symptoms, may determine an specific antioxidative therapy in SPMS patients

Poststroke Depression as a Factor Adversely Affecting the Level of Oxidative Damage to Plasma Proteins during a Brain Stroke

Poststroke depression, the second most serious psychosomatic complication after brain stroke, leads to delay of the rehabilitation process and is associated with an increased disability and cognitive impairment along with increase in term mortality. Research into the biochemical changes in depression is still insufficiently described. The aim of our study was therefore to evaluate the possible association between plasma protein oxidative/nitrative damages and the development of poststroke depression. We evaluated oxidative/nitrative modifications of specific proteins by measurement of 3-nitrotyrosine and carbonyl groups levels using ELISA test. Additionally, we checked differences in proteins thiol groups by spectrophotometric assay based on reaction between DTNB and thiols. We also evaluated catalase activity in erythrocytes measured as ability to decompose H 2 O 2 . Correlation analysis was performed using Spearman&apos;s rank. We observed significant ( &lt; 0.001) differences in all oxidative/nitrative stress parameters in brain stroke patients compared to healthy group. Our research shows that oxidative damage of proteins is correlated with the degree of poststroke depression, while nitrative changes do not show any relationship. We demonstrate a positive correlation between the concentration of carbonyl groups and the Geriatric Depression Scale and a negative correlation between the degree of depression and the concentration of -SH groups or catalase activity