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    Π‘Ρ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… хроничСской обструктивной болСзнью Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΈ Π±Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ…ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ астмой Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ стСпСни тяТСсти

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    Backgraund:Β The result of comparative study of oropharyngeal microbiota taxonomic composition in patients with different severity level of bronchial asthma (BA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is presented in this paper.Β Aims:Β To compare oropharyngeal microbiota composition in case of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in different severity levels.Β Metods:Β 138 patients, 50 with BA and 88 with COPD were studied. For each patient was collected anamnesis vitae, swab from the back of the throat and performed physical examination. High-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and bioinformatic analysis was employed to characterize the microbial communities.Β Results:Β As a result of the study was found a number of differences on various taxonomic levels in microbiota’s composition within group of patients with different severity level of BA and group of patients with different severity level of COPD and between those groups. COPD patients with GOLD 1–2 in comparison with GOLD 3–4 patiens are marked by prevalence of species Brevibacterium aureum, genus Scardovia, Coprococcus, Haemophilus, Moryella, Dialister, Paludibacter and decrease of Prevotella melaninogenica species. BA patients with severe uncontrolled asthma in comparison with patients which have mild persistent asthma are marked by decrease of Prevotella and increase of species Bifidobacterium longum, Prevotella nanceiensis, Neisseria cinerea, Aggregatibacter segnis and genus Odoribacter, Alloiococcus, Lactobacillus, Megasphaera, Parvimonas, Sneathia. Patient’s microbiota in BA group in comparison with COPD group is characterized by the prevalence of Prevotella melaninogenica and genus Selenomonas, Granulicatella ΠΈ Gemella, and decrease of Prevotella nigrescens, Haemophilus influenza and genus Aggregatibacter, Alloiococcus, Catonella, Mycoplasma, Peptoniphilus ΠΈ Sediminibacterium. There are no differences between microbiota composition in case of severe uncontrolled BA and very severe COPD.Β Conclusion:Β Lack of differences in oropharyngeal microbiota taxonomic composition between patients with severe uncontrolled BA and very severe COPD allow us to suggest a similarity of bronchopulmonary system condition in case of diseases' severe stages.ОбоснованиС.Β Π₯арактСристика ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ хроничСской обструктивной Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ… (Π₯ΠžΠ‘Π›) ΠΈ Π±Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ…ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ астмС (БА) Π² зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ тяТСсти тСчСния Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ являСтся Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π΅ΠΉ, Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ Π² ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅. ЦСль исслСдования:Β ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· состава ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π₯ΠžΠ‘Π› ΠΈ БА Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ стСпСни выраТСнности симптомов.Β ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹.Β Π’ исслСдованиС Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ 138 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ… 88 с Π₯ΠžΠ‘Π›, 50 β€” с БА. Для ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° Π±Ρ‹Π» собран Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π· ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ исслСдованиС ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ ΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ области. ΠžΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ таксономичСского состава ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ сСквСнированиСм Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ 16SΒ Ρ€Π ΠΠš с ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ биоинформатичСским ΠΈ статистичСским Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌ.Β Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹.Β ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ различия Π² прСдставлСнности ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ². Для ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π₯ΠžΠ‘Π› 1–2-ΠΉ стСпСни тяТСсти Π² сравнСнии с ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π₯ΠžΠ‘Π› 3–4-ΠΉ стСпСни Π½Π° Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΅ сниТСния прСдставлСнностиPrevotellaΒ melaninogenicaΒ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ высокоС содСрТаниС BrevibacteriumΒ aureumΒ ΠΈ прСдставитСлСй Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π°Β Scardovia,Β Coprococcus,Β Haemophilus,Β Moryella,Β DialisterΒ ΠΈΒ Paludibacter. ΠœΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π° ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с тяТСлой БА Π² сравнСнии с Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡΠΈΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ΅ Π½Π° Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ содСрТания Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π°Β Prevotella характСризуСтся Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ присутствиСм BifidobacteriumΒ longum,Β PrevotellaΒ nanceiensis,Β NeisseriaΒ cinerea,Β AggregatibacterΒ segnis, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ прСдставитСлСй Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π°Β Odoribacter,Β Alloiococcus,Β Lactobacillus,Β Megasphaera,Β ParvimonasΒ ΠΈΒ Sneathia. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ сравнСнии ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… БА ΠΈ Π₯ΠžΠ‘Π› для ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с БА ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Π»Π°ΡΡŒ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ высокая ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΒ P.Β melaninogenicaΒ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π°Β Selenomonas,Β Granulicatella,Β Gemella, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ сниТСниС PrevotellaΒ nigrescens,Β HaemophilusΒ influenzaeΒ ΠΈΒ Aggregatibacter,Β Alloiococcus,Β Catonella,Β Mycoplasma,Β Peptoniphilus,Β Sediminibacterium. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом различия Π² составС ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… тяТСлой Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ БА ΠΈ Π₯ΠžΠ‘Π› ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ тяТСлого тСчСния Π½Π΅ выявлСны.Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅.Β ΠžΡ‚ΡΡƒΡ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… с тяТСлыми Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π₯ΠžΠ‘Π› ΠΈ БА позволяСт Π²Ρ‹ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ сходствС состояния Π±Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ систСмы ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ тяТСлых стадиях развития Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ

    Semi-coking of oil shale of the Leningrad deposit

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    Recently, there has been a growing global interest in processing low-grade types of solid fuels, such as oil shale. In the near future, the role of solid fuels in the country's fuel and energy balance is expected to increase, primarily due to their large reserves. Based on this, this work evaluates the semi – coke obtained by semi-coking low-grade types of solid combustible fossils-oil shale of the Baltic basin (Leningrad deposit). The influence of process parameters (temperature and holding time) on the physical and chemical properties of shale semi-coke was studied experimentally. Based on the data obtained, it is concluded that the obtained samples of semi-coke from oil shale and brown coal can be used as a substitute for coke in various industries and the national economy

    ИсслСдованиС Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ профиля ΠΈ экспрСссии Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² FYN, ZAP-70 ΠΈ LAT ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ стимуляции ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ А Ρƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с тСрапСвтичСски рСзистСнтной Π±Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ…ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ астмой

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    Background: Bronchial asthma (BA) is one of the most spreading chronic lung pathology in the world. The disease is characterized by high heterogeneity of clinical phenotypes including resistant forms which provoke significant clinical problem. Immune shift from Th2 to alternative immunological response is considered to be a mechanism of drug-resistance in BA treatment but this issue is not considerably studied yet. Aims: Detection of distinctive patterns in cytokine secretion and genetic expression (ZAP-70, FYN and LAT) of naΓ―ve and concanavalin A stimulated lymphocytes in patients with resistant BA. Materials and methods: The study enrolled ten patients in each group: subjects with treatment resistant BA, severe BA, and controls (30 in total). During the experiment, all patients with BA received treatment according to the condition. For each participant lymphocytes isolation from venous blood was performed. Cells were cultured with concanavalin A and without stimulation. Concentrations of cytokines IL-2, IL-12, TNF-Ξ±, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6 in supernatants were measured with ELISA. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA expression of LAT, ZAP-70, and FYN genes. Results: Significant disease contribution to the lymphocyte secretion profile was established without concanavalin A stimulation: increased levels of IL-2 and IL-4 was observed in lymphocytes of patients with resistant BA if compared to the results of gorup with severe BA. Patients with resistant BA were characterized by weak cytokine response to the stimulation: only TNF-Ξ± and IL-5 levels were significantly increased whereas in group with severe BA all cytokines concentrations increased except IL-12, in controls β€” except IL-12 and IL-2. Significant FYN upregulation was identified in resistant BA group if compared with other groups, and in severe BA patients if compared with controls. The concanavalin A-stimulated cells showed increased expression of ZAP-70 in cells of patients with resistant BA compared to control group. Conclusions: Lymphocytes from patients with resistant BA are characterized by lack of cytokine response to concanavalin A stimulation, alteration of cytokine secretion, and genetic expression profile similar to cells with low sensitivity to apoptosis. The FYN gene is a perspective target for finding approaches to overcome resistance to steroid drugs in bronchial asthma.ОбоснованиС. Π‘Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ…ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ астма (БА) являСтся ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· самых распространСнных хроничСских Π±Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ характСризуСтся ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ„Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΈ Π³Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ тСчСния: ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Ρ„Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΏΡ‹ астмы, связанныС с Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΊ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Π·Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡƒ. Π’ качСствС основного ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° развития лСкарствСнной рСзистСнтности Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π° Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ прСдполагаСтся Β«ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β» ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π° с Th2 Π½Π° Π°Π»ΡŒΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ этого нСдостаточно понятны. Богласно Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ исслСдований транскриптома, Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ZAP-70, FYN ΠΈ LAT ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΈ рСзистСнтности ΠΊ Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ. ЦСль исслСдования ― выявлСниС Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ² измСнСния Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ сСкрСции ΠΈ экспрСссии Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² (ZAP-70, FYN ΠΈ LAT) ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π»ΠΈΠΌΡ„ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ стимуляции ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ А ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ тСрапСвтичСской рСзистСнтности Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… БА. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Π’ исслСдованиС Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ 10 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с тСрапСвтичСски рСзистСнтной БА ΠΈ тяТСлой БА, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ 10 Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹. ВсС ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π»ΠΈ Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ БА. Π£ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€ Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡ„ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ с ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ А ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ. ПослС ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ опрСдСляли ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² IL2, IL12, TNFΞ±, IL4, IL5 ΠΈ IL6 с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΎΡ„Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡ€Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡŽ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² LAT, ZAP-70 ΠΈ FYN ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. УстановлСна ассоциация заболСвания ΠΈ профиля сСкрСции Π»ΠΈΠΌΡ„ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Π±Π΅Π· стимуляции ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ А. Π’ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с рСзистСнтной БА ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡŒ концСнтрация IL2 ΠΈ IL4 ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с тяТСлой БА. Π›ΠΈΠΌΡ„ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с рСзистСнтной БА дСмонстрировали Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π° ΡΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠ»ΡΡ†ΠΈΡŽ: ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ лишь IL5 ΠΈ TNFΞ±, Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с тяТСлой БА ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡŒ продукция всСх Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π·Π° ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ IL12, Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ― Π·Π° ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ IL12 ΠΈ IL2. УстановлСно ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ экспрСссии FYN Π² Π»ΠΈΠΌΡ„ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ… ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с рСзистСнтной БА Π²Π½Π΅ зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° стимуляции ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ с тяТСлой БА ΠΈ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΉ контроля ΠΈ сниТСниС экспрСссии Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅Π½Π° Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с тяТСлой БА. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ экспрСссии ZAP-70 Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с рСзистСнтной БА ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ стимуляции ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ А. Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Лимфоцитарная фракция ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с рСзистСнтной БА характСризуСтся слабым ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠ»ΡΡ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ А, ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΌ Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ сСкрСции ΠΈ гСнСтичСской экспрСссии, Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ для ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ с Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Ρ‡ΡƒΠ²ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΊ проапоптотичСским стимулам. Π“Π΅Π½ FYN являСтся пСрспСктивной мишСнью для поиска ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ рСзистСнтности ΠΊ стСроидным ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ БА

    Standardization of bee venom as a raw material for the production of medicines for immunotherapy, including allergen and allergoid from bee venom [Бтандартизация ΠΏΡ‡Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ яда ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡ‹Ρ€ΡŒΡ для производства лСкарствСнных срСдств для ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС Π°Π»Π»Π΅Ρ€Π³Π΅Π½Π° ΠΈ Π°Π»Π»Π΅Ρ€Π³ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡ‡Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ яда]

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    Introduction. Pharmaceutical industry widely uses beekeeping products to obtain medicines. Among beekeeping products for medical use, bee venom represents number three on its importance. Pharmaceuticals based on bee venom are used externally, or as injections, or for oral administration. In the production of medicines containing bee venom, it is important to take into account the dose and possible individual response of the human body. The chemical composition of raw bee venom is very complex. Currently, there is no modern normative documentation for standardization of bee venom as a raw material for pharmaceutical preparations. Hence, quality control and standardization of the substance of bee venom intended for the production of medicines represent the urgent need. Aim of research is to study the physicochemical characteristics of raw bee venom of various batches in order to evaluate and standardize its quality. Material and methods. We have studied 5 batches of raw bee venom from the same manufacturer. The analysis was carried out on the basis of GOST 30426-97 Methods of purification and standardization of purified bee venom were developed in this study. Those included gel chromatography and PAAG electrophoresis. Results. According to the results of studies of raw bee venom, 4 batches of 5 did not correspond the requirements of the GOST 30426-97 in terms of mass fraction of water-insoluble impurities (6.01 %); mass fraction of water (9.17 %); hemolysis time (300 s), mass fraction of melittin and apamin (35 %; 0.6 %), respectively. Methods for the purification and standardization of preparations from raw bee venom were suggested. Conclusion. In our study, we have proven the low level of the standardization of raw poison. The lack of approved normative documents leads to the fact that different pharmaceutical companies use different methods for evaluating the quality of raw materials and methods for their purification, which, in turn, affects the quality of final pharmaceutical products. Therefore the part of General Pharmacopoeia Β«Raw Bee PoisonΒ» (related to standardization of raw materials from which pharmaceuticals are being obtained) should be developed. Β© 2021 Meditsina Publishers. All rights reserved

    Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of PSMA Ligands with Aromatic Residues and Fluorescent Conjugates Based on Them

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    Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), also known as glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII), is a suitable target for specific delivery of antitumor drugs and diagnostic agents due to its overexpression in prostate cancer cells. In the current work, we describe the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel low-molecular PSMA ligands and conjugates with fluorescent dyes FAM-5, SulfoCy5, and SulfoCy7. In vitro evaluation of synthesized PSMA ligands on the activity of PSMA shows that the addition of aromatic amino acids into a linker structure leads to a significant increase in inhibition. The conjugates of the most potent ligand with FAM-5 as well as SulfoCy5 demonstrated high affinities to PSMA-expressing tumor cells in vitro. In vivo biodistribution in 22Rv1 xenografts in Balb/c nude mice of PSMA-SulfoCy5 and PSMA-SulfoCy7 conjugates with a novel PSMA ligand demonstrated good visualization of PSMA-expressing tumors. Also, the conjugate PSMA-SulfoCy7 demonstrated the absence of any explicit toxicity up to 87.9 mg/kg. Β© 2021 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved
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