The Impact of Work-Family Conflict on Continuance Commitment under the Mediation of Emotional Exhaustion and the Role of Social Support as Moderator: Among Academic Staff

This study proposes and tested a model that inspect whether the social support as a moderator and emotional exhaustion as a mediator effect’s the relationship between work-family conflict and continuance commitment. The relationship of these variables were tested by using Spss. Data is collected from the employees of 4 institutions in Islamabad. Total 152 sample size is used in this study. Results of this study suggest that Emotional exhaustion act as a mediator and the moderator which is social support has a strong negative impact on Continuance commitment which is weakening the effect of emotional exhaustion among the academic staff. Implications of the results are discussed and avenues for future research are offered. Keywords: Work-family conflict, Emotional exhaustion, social support and Continuance commitment

Fixation of bilateral pelvic osteotomies with external fixator in exstrophy bladder complex

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To present the early results of pelvic osteotomies performed for repair of exstrophy bladder. METHODS: Five cases of exstrophy bladder were treated with closure following bilateral iliac osteotomies. Three patients underwent closure of pubic symphysis diastasis by use of external fixator, one by screws and cerclage wires, and one by use of K-wires and suture. The patients were followed up by the pediatric urologist and orthopedic surgeon. RESULTS: All patients achieved a closure of diastasis and a tension free repair after the index surgery. The average follow-up was 3.6 years with range of 4 months to 6 years. All osteotomies healed within two months and had closure of the diastasis, except one which had a partial failure with loss of 50% correction. No patient had any wound dehiscence or breakdown of the bladder repair. Preoperative mean diastasis of symphysis pubis was 6 cm (range; 4.5 cm to 7 cm) and post operative mean diastasis was 3.5 cm with the range of 2.5 cm to 4 cm at 12 months follow up. All patients achieved urinary continence post operatively and were passing urine per-urethra with satisfactory urinary control as followed-up with the pediatric urologists. CONCLUSION: Bilateral iliac osteotomies and use of external fixator in our series was found to be helpful in achieving a tension free closure and preventing dehiscence of the repair

Harmonic Scalpel Hemorrhoidectomy Vs Milligan-Morgan Hemorrhoidectomy

Background: To compare Harmonic Scalpel Hemorrhoidectomy (HSH) with classical Milligan Morgan Hemorrhoidectomy (MMH) in terms of operation time and post-operative pain to establish effectiveness of this novel procedure.Methods: A total of 62 patients planned for excision hemorrhoidecotmy were randomly selected into HSH and MMH groups. Mean operation time was calculated during surgery and pain at time of first defecation was recorded on visual analog scale (VAS).Results: Mean VAS after surgery at time of first defecation was 4.32 (SD 0.909) in HSH group and 6.97 (SD 1.426) in MMH group (p value <0.000). Mean Operation time in HSH group was 18.13 (SD 3.956) minutes and that of MMH group was 22.90 (SD 4.901) minutes (P value <0.000).Conclusion: Harmonic Scalpel Hemorrhoidectomy is better than Milligan Morgan hemorrhoidectom

Role of Gum Chewing After Small Gut Anastomosis

This study was performed to access the effectiveness of gum chewing on gut motility in early postoperative period after small gut anastomosis in patients operated for reversal of ileostomy or ileocolostomy. Methods: This prospective, randomized trial was undertaken at Surgical Unit-I, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi from March 2016 to March 2018. 90 patients were randomly divided into two equal groups. All patients underwent small gut anastomosis after reversal of ileostomy or ileocolostomy. In group A (gum chewing group), patients were advised to chew gum, whereas group B (control group) patients did not received any gum for chewing and continued standard post-operative care. Both groups were kept NPO till 2nd post-operative day. After surgery, all patients were observed for onset of bowel sounds, time after surgery when flatus and stool were passed, time required for return of appetite and discharge from hospital. Patient satisfaction with postoperative course, incidence of anastomotic leak, wound infection and mortality was also recorded in both groups. Results : Statistically, group A and group B were similar in age, gender and type of procedure. There was significant difference between both groups for onset of bowel sounds, passage of first flatus, complaints of nausea and vomiting, appetite, duration of hospital stay and patient’s satisfaction level (P < 0.05). In Group A, 35 patients were satisfied whereas in group B, only 5 patients were happy with their postoperative course (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between groups for incidence of anastomotic leak, wound infection and mortality. Conclusion: It is safe and cost effective to advise gum chewing in patients undergoing small gut anastomosis for reducing duration of postoperative ileus and improving level of patient satisfaction about their postoperative course. Keywords: Postoperative ileus, Ileostomy, Anastomotic leak, Surgical site infection &nbsp

Impact of different moisture regimes and nitrogen rates on yield and yield attributes of maize (Zea mays L.)

Nitrogen and irrigation, both are essential to determine the yield and quality of maize (Zea mays L.). A field study was accomplished to determine the upshots of different levels of irrigation and varying nitrogen rates on yield, yield contributing attributes and radiation use efficiency (RUE) of maize hybrid on sandy clay loam soil. Different nitrogen rates and moisture regime treatments comprised of N0 = 0, N1 = 100 and N2 = 200kg N ha-1, I1 (25 mm water deficit), I2 (50 mm water deficit), I3 (three irrigations during vegetative development + one irrigation at tasseling stage) and I4 (three irrigations during vegetative development + one irrigation at tasseling stage + one irrigation at silking stage + one irrigation at grain filling stage), respectively. Results showed that maximum grain yield (7.04 t ha-1) was recorded when six irrigations were applied (three irrigations during vegetative development + one irrigation at tasseling stage + one irrigation at silking stage + one irrigation at grain filling stage) coupled with 200 kg N ha-1 (N2 × I4). The lowest grain yield (2.08 t ha-1) was obtained in response to 25 mm water deficits. Overall, N2 × I2 also gave a positive response in terms of yield attributes but highest plant height (160.80 cm), cob length (29.00 cm), number of grains per cob (308.33), 1000-grain weight (294.33 g) and biological yield (25.67 t ha-1) with maximum coefficient of correlation (R2) values (0.9399; 0.8851; 0.9161; 0.8743 and 0.9126), respectively, was attained with N2 × I4 treatment combinations. The superior (RUE) radiation use efficiency (5.33 g MJ-1) with higher R2 value (0.8821) was significantly affected by nitrogen rates and irrigation levels as obtained from N2 × I4 treatment. However, in all treatment combinations, N2 × I4 was superior by producing the highest maize grain yield.Keywords: Moisture regimes, nitrogen rates, deficit irrigation, Zea mays L., radiation use efficiency, maize yiel

Efficacy of Aloe Vera Cream for Healing Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Background :To compare the efficacy of aloe vera cream with normal saline dressings for infected diabetic leg ulcers. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial 60 patients with infected ulcers on lower limbs were assigned into 2 groups by random sample collection using lottery method. Patients in Group A received aloe vera dressings and patients in Group B received saline soaked dressings daily and were advised to revisit after 8 days. Wound was assessed on the very first visit and then on the 8th day. Patients were assessed with reference to duration of diabetes, grade of ulcer, body mass index and efficacy of treatment. Results: Out of 60 patients, majority were females (53.33%). The efficacy of AVC (aloe vera) dressing was significantly higher than that of NSD (normal saline dressing). i.e. 100% vs 53.3%. (p-value = 0.000) Similar trend was observed for age, gender, BMI, Grade of ulcer and duration of diabetes (p = < 0.05) except for patients with 11-15 years of diabetes & obesity. Conclusion: Efficacy of Aloe vera is higher as compared to that of NSD for treating diabetic foot ulcers. Added advantage of Aloe vera is its cost effectiveness and minimal side effects

Descriptive Analysis of Human Emotions Based on Eye pupils

Facial emotional expressions are viewed as the most descriptive way to understand the human’s state of temperament during confronting communication. In this work numerous statistical approaches have been applied on human eye pupil with static images of Chicago face dataset (CFD) to analyze and classify the considered categories for emotions which are Happy, Fear, Anger and Neutral. The aim of this study is to develop the specific architecture for image processing domain after applying different enhancement techniques on human eye pupil for analysis & recognition of the facial expressions. This work is divided into three phases initially in the first phase data preprocessing is performed to prepare according to the requirement of work and also the color images are converted in to negative by applying the pixel intensity controlled mechanism. Second phase define the boundary to compute the feature by using Circular Hough Transform algorithm. Lastly statistical approaches are applied on extracted features to corporate the central point of pupil. This corporation the central point presents the effects of emotions. While comparing peoples of different Age groups it is concluded that pupil constricted on Anger at different levels on different age groups. If further it is discussed about cross cultural and gender wise comparison then Happy Emotion effects most and resulted towards dilated pupil same like that Anger emotion effects most on constricting the pupil size

Laparoscopic Splenectomy for Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)

Background: To determine the operating time, blood loss, postoperative rise in platelet count, need of conversion to open surgery, postoperative hospital stay and postoperative complications in ITP patients undergoing laparoscopic splenectomy.Methods: In this cross-sectional study patients diagnosed with ITP undergoing laparoscopic splenectomy were included. Patient characteristics regarding operating time, blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, conversion to open surgery, postoperative complications and postoperative rise in platelet count were analyzed..Results: Out of 23 patients, 9 were males and 14 were females. The mean age of the patients was 31±7 years. There was 1 conversion to open surgery. The mean operating time was 90±22 mins and mean blood loss 131±55 ml. 21 out of 23 (91.3%) patients showed a positive response of rise in platelet count after surgery. There was no postoperative complication in any patient. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 3±1 days.Conclusion: Laparoscopic splenectomy is associated with less operating time, postoperative hospital stay, blood loss, and postoperative complications. It produces an adequate postoperative rise in platelet count

Spectrum of Breast Diseases in a Breast Clinic of a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: To determine the pattern and clinical presentation of breast diseases in different age groups presenting to a breast clinic. Methods: It was a retrospective descriptive study which included all patients presenting to a breast clinic for three years. Age at presentation, symptoms, clinical features, investigations, operative findings and specimen reports were recorded and submitted for analysis. . Results: A total of 3568 patients were included. Mastalgia was the commonest findings (39.42%) followed by fibroadenoma(15.83%) and carcinoma of breast (12.61%). Pain in the breast was the commonest presenting symptom (40.38%). Lump in the breast was found in 22.84%, while pain and lump were present in 27.27% of patients. Among carcinoma breast, intra ductal carcinoma was the commonest (57.55%) followed by malignant phyllodes tumour (17.77%). Conclusion: Most common breast diseases presenting in our setting are mastalgia, fibroadenoma and breast carcinoma. Dedicated breast clinic in our public sector hospitals is need of time. It will help to create awareness about breast diseases among general public and will be a source to collect data about disease burden so that future policies can be streamline

Platelet derived growth factor inhibitors: A potential therapeutic approach for ocular neovascularization.

Retinochoroidal vascular diseases are the leading causes of blindness in the developed world. They include diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinal vein occlusion, retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and pathological myopia, among many others. Several different therapies are currently under consideration for the aforementioned disorders. In the following section, agents targeting platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) are discussed as a potential therapeutic option for retinochoroidal vascular diseases. PDGF plays an important role in the angiogenesis cascade that is activated in retinochoroidal vascular diseases. The mechanism of action, side effects, efficacy, and the potential synergistic role of these agents in combination with other treatment options is discussed. The future of treatment of retinochoroidal vascular diseases, particularly AMD, has become more exciting due to agents such as PDGF antagonists