Examining Normal Personality from the Perspective of Psychology and the Qur'an

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Background and Objective: Down the centuries, different people and schools have expressed their views about human, commenting on his traits as a healthy personality in written, oral and practical forms. Some of these traits have been provided by humanistic schools and some by divine religions. The underpinnings of humanistic schools are human thoughts, needs analysis, and identifying human limited to their time which lose their applicability over time. However, the underpinnings of divine schools (religions) is recognition of human beyond human imagination by his Creator offered by one of these people, namely the Prophet of the Almighty God, in which the perception of the audiences, i.e. human being has been considered and each individual enjoys it as much as s/he could understand. Therefore, in the present paper as a content analysis based on certain resources, the traits of a healthy individual were studied according to the Holy Qur'an.Method: This study is descriptive, analytical, and inferential by nature carried out using electronic resources, books, and journals. The researchers declared no conflicts of interests.Results: The findings indicated that the Qur’an regards human as a creature with two dimensions of material and spirit, and thus defines his normal personality paradigm.Conclusion: While considering three areas of cognition, emotion, and behavior for human personality, the Quran conditions realization of his perfectness and transcendence by promotion and growth of three aspects of existentialism in the context of three-dimensional communication (self, God and world) and by the charter designed for human, which is also based on his nature and truth, not by the two-dimensional relationship of self and the world available in most schools of psychology.For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Please cite this article as: Safara M, Salmabadi M. Examining Normal Personality from the Perspective of Psychology and the Qur'an. J Res Relig Health. 2019; 5(2): 115- 126. doi: https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v5i2.2090

The Role of Social Intelligence and Resilience in Explaining Students’ Distress Tolerance: A Study during Covid-19 Pandemic

IL RUOLO DELL’INTELLIGENZA SOCIALE E DELLA RESILIENZA NELLO SPIEGARE LA TOLLERANZA AL DISAGIO DEGLI STUDENTI: UNO STUDIO DURANTE LA PANDEMIA DI COVID-19 Abstract Understanding the factors that influence or correlate with distress tolerance is very important. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of social intelligence and resilience in explaining college students’ distress tolerance. A descriptive correlational study was carried out on 260 male college students of Farhangian University of Birjand, Iran in 2020/21. They completed Social Intelligence Scale, Resilience Scale, and Distress Tolerance Questionnaire. The results showed that there was a direct and significant relationship between social intelligence and distress tolerance (r = 0.473; p <0.001), as well as resilience and distress tolerance (r = 0.608; p = 0.008). Also, the coefficient of determination showed that the components of social intelligence and resilience up to 65% can explain the variance of students’ distress tolerance. Psychological interventions such as promoting social intelligence and effective resilience can be used to prevent and control the college students’ distress especially during Covid-19 pandemic

دراسة شخصية ذوالسلوك السوي من وجهة نظر علم النفس و القرأن

سابقه و هدف: در اعصار مختلف انسان‌ها و مکاتب گوناگون به اظهارنظر درباره‌ی انسان سالم پرداخته‌اند و به‌ صورت مکتوب، شفاهی و عملی ویژگی‌هایی را برای وی برشمرده‌اند. گروهی از این ویژگی‌ها را مکاتب انسانی و گروهی دیگر را مکاتب الهی فراهم کرده‌اند. پشتوانه‌ی مکاتب انسانی افکار انسانی، نیازسنجی‌ها و شناسایی‌های محدود آنها از انسان هم‌دوره‌ی خود است که با گذشت زمان کاربرد خود را از دست می‌دهد، هرچند در زمان معاصر خودش می‌تواند منافعی برای جامعه‌ی انسانی داشته باشد و یا مانند بعضی از نظریه‌ها نه ‌تنها سودی ندارد بلکه مضراتی نیز داشته باشد؛ اما پشتوانه‌ی مکاتب الهی شناسایی فراانسانی از انسان توسط آفریننده‌ی او است که یکی از خود همین انسان‌ها یعنی پیامبر از جانب خداوند متعال بر آنها عرضه می‌کند که در آن به فهم و توانایی مخاطب یعنی انسان توجه شده و هر انسانی به ‌اندازه‌ی فهم خود از آن بهره‌مند‌ می‌شود. ازاین‌رو، در مقاله‌ی مروری حاضر به بررسی شخصیت بهنجار از منظر روان‌شناسی و قرآن پرداخته شد. روش کار: پژوهش حاضر از نوع توصیفی-تحلیلی است که بر پایه‌ی بررسی‌های علمی مستخرج از منابع الکترونیک، کتاب‌ها و مجلات انجام شد. نویسندگان مقاله هیچ‌گونه تضاد منافعی گزارش نکرده‌اند. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که قرآن انسان را موجودی دارای دو بُعد مادی و معنوی در نظر می‌گیرد و بر همین اساس الگوی شخصیت بهنجار وی را تعریف می‌کند. نتیجه‌گیری: در قرآن ضمن در نظر گرفتن سه بُعد شناختی، رفتاری و عاطفی در شخصیت انسان، تحقق استکمال و استعلای وی را در صورتی ممکن می‌داند که این سه بُعد وجودی در زمینه‌ی ارتباطی سه وجهی (خود، خدا و جهان) و بر اساس منشور طراحی‌شده‌ی انسان در قرآن که آن ‌هم بر اساس فطرت و حقیقت است رشد و ارتقا یابد، نه در ارتباط دووجهی خود و جهان که در بیشتر مکاتب روان‌شناسی وجود دارد. استناد مقاله به این صورت است: Safara M, Salmabadi M. Examining Normal Personality from the Perspective of Psychology and the Qur'an. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat. 2019;5(2):115-126. https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v5i2.20906 &nbsp;Background and Objective: Down the centuries, different people and schools have expressed their views about human, commenting on his traits as a healthy personality in written, oral and practical forms. Some of these traits have been provided by humanistic schools and some by divine religions. The underpinnings of humanistic schools are human thoughts, needs analysis, and identifying human limited to their time which lose their applicability over time. However, the underpinnings of divine schools (religions) is recognition of human beyond human imagination by his Creator offered by one of these people, namely the Prophet of the Almighty God, in which the perception of the audiences, i.e. human being has been considered and each individual enjoys it as much as s/he could understand. Therefore, in the present paper as a content analysis based on certain resources, the traits of a healthy individual were studied according to the Holy Qur'an. Methods: This study is descriptive, analytical, and inferential by nature carried out using electronic resources, books, and journals. The researchers declared no conflicts of interests. Results: The findings indicated that the Qur’an regards human as a creature with two dimensions of material and spirit, and thus defines his normal personality paradigm. Conclusion: While considering three areas of cognition, emotion, and behavior for human personality, the Quran conditions realization of his perfectness and transcendence by promotion and growth of three aspects of existentialism in the context of three-dimensional communication (self, God and world) and by the charter designed for human, which is also based on his nature and truth, not by the two-dimensional relationship of self and the world available in most schools of psychology. &nbsp; Please cite this article as: Safara M, Salmabadi M. Examining Normal Personality from the Perspective of Psychology and the Qur'an. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat. 2019;5(2):115-126. https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v5i2.20906خلفية البحث وأهدافه: في مختلف العصور كانت الناس والمدارس الفكرية المتنوعة تبدي رأيها حول الانسان السليم و قد ذكروا الخصائص والمميزات له بشكل مكتوب، شفهي وعملي. مجموعة من تلك الخصائص قامت بتوفيرها المدراس الفكرية البشرية و المجموعة الاخرى تأمنت عبر المدارس الفكرية الالهية. خلفية المدارس البشرية هي الافكار البشرية، التقديرات والاستكشافات المحدودة لديهم بالنسبة للانسان المعاصر لعهدهم والتي تفقد فعاليتها مع مرور الزمن، بالرغم من أنه قد يكون لها فوائد للمجتمع البشري في زمانها أو مثل بعض النظريات التي ليس منفعة فحسب بل يكون لها أضرار ايضا. لكن خلفية المدارس الفكرية الالهية هي التعرف الابعد من الانسان بالنسبة للانسان بواسطة خالقه حيث ان احد هؤلاء الناس هو النبي (ص) المرسل من الله سبحانه وتعالى يقول&nbsp; بأنه تم الاهتمام من قبله بفهم وقدرات المخاطبين له وكل انسان يستفيد منه بمقدار فهمه. لهذا السبب في المقالة المرورية الحاضرة تم التطرق الى دراسة شخصية ذي السلوك السوي من وجهة نظر علم النفس والقرأن. منهجية البحث: التحقیق الحاضر هو من النوع التوصیفی-التحلیلی حیث أعتمد على الدراسات العلمية المستخرجة من المصادر الالكترونية، الكتب والمجلات. فان مؤلفي البحث لم يشيروا الى اي تضارب في المصالح. الكشوفات: أظهرت النتائج ان القرأن يعتبر ان الانسان هو كائن ذو بعدين مادي ومعنوي وعلى هذا الاساس يقوم بالتعريف لنموذج شخصيته ذي السلوك السوي. الاستنتاج: في القرأن الى جانب الاخذ بعين الاعتبار الابعاد الثلاثة المعرفة، السلوك والاحساس في شخصية الانسان يعتبر أن تحقق كمال وعلو الانسان أمرا ممكناً في حال نمو وارتقاء تلك الابعاد الثلاث الوجودية في مجال التواصل الثلاثي الوجوه (نفسه، الله والكون) واستنادا الى الوثيقة المصممة للانسان في القران والتي هي ايضا تعتمد على الفطرة والحقيقة، و ليس عبر تواصل ثنائي الوجوه لنفسه مع الكون والذي نراه في اكثر المدارس الفكرية لعلم النفس. &nbsp; يتم استناد المقالة على الترتيب التالي: Safara M, Salmabadi M. Examining Normal Personality from the Perspective of Psychology and the Qur'an. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat. 2019;5(2):115-126. https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v5i2.2090

The Moderating Role of Religiosity in Relationship between Number of Children and Anxiety of Mothers with a Single Child and two or more Children

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Background and Objective: Although a number of studies have been done on the effects of the number of children on anxiety of their mothers, the whole picture is still far from clear; therefore, the present study aimed at examining moderating role of religiosity on the relationship of number of children and anxiety of parents with one child and more children.Method: This study was a descriptive one through a correlational method. The population consisted of all women in Alborz and Tehran provinces in the academic year of 2014-2015. Through available convenience sampling, 384 were selected based on Morgan table. To respond the questionnaires, two groups of mothers were studied as the study population. The first group included mothers with one child and the second group included mothers with two or more children. Instruments of research included Khodayarifard et al (2009), Religiosity Questionnaire and Spielberger’s (1970) Trait-State Anxiety Inventory. All ethical issues were observed in this study and the researchers declared no conflict of interests.Results: The results showed that religiosity is not capable of acting as a moderating variable in the relationship between the number of children and maternal anxiety. There was a significant relationship between the number of children and mothers' anxiety (R=0.118), but there was no significant relationship between the number of children and mothers' religiosity.Conclusion: The results suggest that authorities of health sector as well as educators should pay more attention to religiosity and number of children and also the role of religiosity in decreasing anxiety in Iranian families.For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Please cite this article as: Safara M, Salmabadi M. The Moderating Role of Religiosity in Relationship between Number of Children and Anxiety of Mothers with a Single Child and two or more Children. J Res Relig Health. 2019; 5(1): 7- 18. doi:https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v5i1.1611

اثر تعدیل‌کننده‌ی دین‌داری بر رابطه‌ی تعداد فرزند و اضطراب مادران تک‌فرزند و مادران دارای دو فرزند و بیشتر

خلفية البحث وأهدافه: على الرغم من الأبحاث المختلفة، لا تزال هناك صورة غامضة وغير منسجمة من تأثير الأسر ذات الطفل الواحد أو ذات الاطفال الكثيرة على الوالدين ولاسيما على الأمهات، كما أنه لم يثبت حتى الآن مدى خلق المشاكل في ازدياد نسبة القلق عند الامهات ذوات الطفل الواحد مقارنة مع الأمهات اللواتي لديهن أكثر من طفل واحد. لذلك، يهدف البحث الحالي الى دراسة مدى تأثير التدين على العلاقة بين عدد أولاد الأسرة وبين قلق الأمهات ذات طفل واحد والأمهات ذات طفلين أو اكثر. منهجية البحث: اشتمل المجتمع الإحصائي على الأمهات في محافظة البرز وطهران في العام الدراسي 2014-2015 حيث تم اختيار 384 منهن بناء على جدول مورغان وبطريقة اخذ عينات متاحة. تمت دراسة المجموعتين من الأمهات (مجتمع البحث) بغرض الإجابة على الأسئلة. فالمجموعة الأولى تكوّنت من الأمهات ذوات الطفل الواحد (192 شخص) والمجموعة الثانية تضمنت الامهات ذوات الطفلين أو اكثر (192شخص). اشتملت اداة البحث استبيان التدين لـ"ياري فرد وزملاءه" واستبيان "سبيلبرجر" لحالة القلق. تمت مراعاة جميع الموارد الأخلاقية في هذا البحث؛ واضافة الى هذا فإن مؤلفي المقالةلم يشيروا الى اي تضارب في المصالح. الكشوفات: اظهرت النتائج أنه لا يمكن للتدين ان يكون متغيراً معدِلاً بالنسبة الى عدد الاولاد وعلاقته بقلق الأمهات. واضافة الى هذا، هناك علاقة ذات دلالة احصائية بين عدد الأولاد والقلق لدى الأمهات (118/0=R)، لكن ليس هناك علاقة دالة احصائية بين عدد الاولاد وتدين الأمهات. الاستنتاج: تشير نتائج البحث إلى ضرورة الإهتمام في مجال التدين وعدد الأطفال من قبل السلطات ومسؤولي القطاعات التعليمية والتربوية والصحية، وكذلك دور التدين في الحد من قلق الأُسر الإيرانية. &nbsp; يتم استناد المقالة على الترتيب التالي: Safara M, Salmabadi M. The Moderating Role of Religiosity in Relationship between Number of Children and Anxiety of Mothers with a Single Child and two or more Children. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat. 2019;5(1):7-18. https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v5i1.16110Background and Objective: Although a number of studies have been done on the effects of the number of children on anxiety of their mothers, the whole picture is still far from clear; therefore, the present study aimed at examining moderating role of religiosity on the relationship of number of children and anxiety of parents with one child and more children. Methods: This study was a descriptive one through a correlational method. The population consisted of all women in Alborz and Tehran provinces in the academic year of 2014-2015. Through available convenience sampling, 384 were selected based on Morgan table. To respond the questionnaires, two groups of mothers were studied as the study population. The first group included mothers with one child and the second group included mothers with two or more children. Instruments of research included Khodayarifard et al (2009), Religiosity Questionnaire and Spielberger’s (1970) Trait-State Anxiety Inventory. All ethical issues were observed in this study and the researchers declared no conflict of interests. Results: The results showed that religiosity is not capable of acting as a moderating variable in the relationship between the number of children and maternal anxiety. There was a significant relationship between the number of children and mothers' anxiety (R=0.118), but there was no significant relationship between the number of children and mothers' religiosity. Conclusion: The results suggest that authorities of health sector as well as educators should pay more attention to religiosity and number of children and also the role of religiosity in decreasing anxiety in Iranian families. Please cite this article as: Safara M, Salmabadi M. The Moderating Role of Religiosity in Relationship between Number of Children and Anxiety of Mothers with a Single Child and two or more Children. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat. 2019;5(1):7-18. https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v5i1.16110سابقه و هدف: با وجود تحقیقات مختلف همچنان تصویر ناهماهنگ و مبهمی از آثار تک‌فرزندی یا تعدد فرزندی بر والدین به‌ویژه مادران وجود دارد و هنوز مشکل‌ساز بودن تک‌فرزندی در تولید اضطراب مادران در مقایسه با مادرانی که بیش از یک فرزند دارند کاملاً ثابت نشده است. ازاین‌رو، پژوهش حاضر با هدف اثر تعدیل‌کننده‌ی دین‌داری بر رابطه‌ی تعداد فرزند با اضطراب مادران تک‌فرزند و مادران دارای دو فرزند و بیشتر انجام شده است. روش کار: پژوهش حاضر از نوع توصیفی است که به روش همبستگی صورت گرفته است. جامعه‌ی مورد مطالعه مادران استان البرز و تهران در سال تحصیلی 93-94 بودند که به روش نمونه‌گیری دردسترس 384 نفر بر اساس جدول مورگان انتخاب شدند. در پاسخ به پرسش‌ها دو گروه از مادران (جامعه‌ی مورد مطالعه) بررسی شدند. گروه اول مادران تک‌فرزند (192 نفر) و گروه دوم مادران دارای دو فرزند و بیشتر (192 نفر) را تشکیل می‌دادند. ابزارهای پژوهش شامل پرسش‌نامه‌ی دين‌داري خدایاری‌فرد و همكاران و پرسش‌نامه‌ی اضطراب حالت-صفت اسپیلبرگر بود. در این پژوهش همه‌ی مسائل اخلاقی رعایت شده است و مؤلفان مقاله هیچ‌گونه تضاد منافعی گزارش نکرده‌اند. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد كه دین‌داری نمي‌تواند متغيّر تعدیل‌کننده در رابطه‌ی بين تعداد فرزند و اضطراب مادر باشد. علاوه‌براین، بین تعداد فرزند و اضطراب مادران رابطه‌ی معناداری وجود داشت (118/0=R)، اما بین تعداد فرزند و دین‌داری مادران رابطه‌ی معناداری وجود نداشت. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج پژوهش نشان‌دهنده‌ی توجه بیشتر مسئولان و متصدیان عرصه‌ی تعلیم و تربیت و سلامت کشور در زمینه‌ی دین‌داری و تعداد فرزندان و همچنین نقش دین‌داری در کاهش اضطراب خانواده‌های ایرانی است. &nbsp; استناد مقاله به این صورت است: Safara M, Salmabadi M. The Moderating Role of Religiosity in Relationship between Number of Children and Anxiety of Mothers with a Single Child and two or more Children. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat. 2019;5(1):7-18. https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v5i1.16110 &nbsp

Effectiveness of Training the Review of Life on Life Satisfaction and Sense of Coherence Middle-aged women and elderly nursing home residents in Qazvin

Objective: Aging period is a critical era of human life and attention to the problems and needs of this stage is a social necessity. The present study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of training the review of life on life satisfaction and sense of coherence Middle-aged women and elderly nursing home residents in Qazvin. Methods & Materials: The present research is a semi-experimental one with pre-test and post-test and control group. The study population consisted of 50-80 year old aged women living in Nursing Home in city of Qazvin. The statistical sample included 30 subjects that were selected through simple random sampling method and assigned to excremental and control groups (15 subjects per each group). To collect data, Diener's (1985) Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and Flensburg&rsquo;s (2006) Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC) were used. At first, all samples answered these questionnaires, and then, the program of life review was administered on the experimental group for six sessions and finally, the post-test was administered to both the experimental and control groups. To analyze data, analysis of covariance was used in the environment of SPSS software. Results: The mean age of the control group was 2/88&plusmn; 65 and the mean age of the experimental group was 3/56&plusmn;67. The mean life satisfaction of the control group before education was 17/86, but after training, 17/60 and the mean life satisfaction of the experimental group before training was 90/17 and after education 24/86. Also, the mean of control group's sense of cohesion before and after education was 69.87 and 69.93, while the mean of the experimental group before education was 46.63, but the education was 84.48. The results of covariance analysis showed that the process of life-style treatment sessions increased life satisfaction and cohesion among the elderly in the experimental group compared to the control group (p <0.001). Conclusion: Results indicated that the life review therapy was effective on the level of life satisfaction and sense of coherence among the aged people.Hence, Review of Life therapy could be considered as an al -ternative or complementary approach to existing therapies for enhancing&nbsp; life among elderly adults

Prediction of Academic Aspiration based on Spiritual Intelligence and Tenacity

Aims: The students&rsquo; academic achievements are noticed by the managers of academic centers.&nbsp; One of the major factors in the academic achievements is academic enthusiasm. The aim of this study was to predict the academic enthusiasm based on spiritual intelligence and psychological tenacity in the students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences.&nbsp; Instrument & Methods: In the correlational cross-section study, 165 students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences were studied in 2015-16 academic year. The subjects were selected based on Morgan table and via stratified random sampling method. Data was collected using spiritual intelligence, Ahvaz psychological tenacity, and academic enthusiasm scales. Data was analyzed by SPSS 22 software using Pearson correlational coefficient, synchronic regression, and independent T test.&nbsp; Findings: There were positive and significant correlations between academic enthusiasm and spiritual intelligence (r=0.10) and psychological tenacity (r=0.21; p<0.01). 0.16 of academic enthusiasm variance were predicted by spiritual intelligence and psychological tenacity, mutually. Of the components of spiritual intelligence, existential critical thinking and transcendental consciousness could predict academic enthusiasm, only.&nbsp; Conclusion: Academic enthusiasm can be predicted based on spiritual intelligence and psychological tenacity.&nbsp

The Mediating Role of Spiritual Intelligent in Relationship of Mindfulness and Resilience

Background and Objectives: Family, personal and social factors play a role in resiliency. So this study was done for investigating the Mediating Role of Spiritual Intelligent in Relationship of mindfulness and Resilience in Vali-e-asr Hospital of Birjand. Methods: The present study is an analyzing correlation type. 120 staffs (remedial, administrative, social service) of Vali-e-asr Hospital were selected by class random sampling, and answered to King spiritual intelligence, Brown and Rayan mindfulness, and Daivdson-Konover resiliency measures. Results: The results showed that the direct effects of mindfulness and Spiritual intelligence on resiliency, and direct effect of mindfulness on Spiritual intelligence are meaningful. Also the findings showed that the presented model has a good fitness. Conclusion: The results show that by increasing the mindfulness one can increase moral Spiritual while leading to rising people resiliency. &nbsp

پیش‌بینی تاب‌آوری دانشجویان در ایام کرونا بر اساس مؤلفه‌های هوش معنوی و اجتماعی: پیش‌بینی تاب‌آوری دانشجویان در ایام کرونا بر اساس مؤلفه‌های هوش معنوی و اجتماعی

خلفية البحث وأهدافه: یعتبر عنصر الصمود النفسي والتأقلم مع الظروف القاهرة من أهم السبل للتغلب على المشاکل والتحدیات الإجتماعیة والفردیة. فإنطلاقاً من هذه القناعة، تحاول هذه الدراسة أن تلقي الضوء علی درجة صمود طلاب الجامعة في الظروف التي فرضتها جائحة کوفید 19 وما تبعها من تحدیات ومشاکل علی المستوی النفسي والروحي، بالنظر إلی عامل الذکاء الروحي والإجتماعي. منهجية البحث: یعتمد هذا البحث علی منهجیة الإرتباطیة. وتشمل الجمعیة الإحصائیة جمیع الطلاب الذکور في کلیة باهنر لإعداد المعلمین في مدینة بیرجند في سنة 2020-2021 الدراسیة. وقد تمّ اختیار 260 طالباً عبر منهجیة أخذ العینات الملائمة (Convenience Sampling) ومشارکتهم عبر الإنترنت. وقد أجاب الطلاب المشارکون علی استبیان کینغ للذکاء الروحي، والذکاء الإجتماعي لدی سیلورا ومقیاس کونور دیفیدسون للصمود النفسي. اما تحلیل المعطیات فقد کان عبر منهجیة بیرسون ورغرسیون الإرتباطیة متعددة الإغراض. یُذکر أنّه تمت مراعاة جمیع الموارد الأخلاقیة في هذا البحث وإضافة إلی ذلك فإنّ مؤلّفي البحث لم یشیروا إلی أيّ تضارب في المصالح. المعطیات: أشارت المعطیات الى أنّ هناك علاقة مباشرة وذات مغزی بین الذکاء الروحي (572/0=r) والذکاء الإجتماعي (633/0=r) ودرجة الصمود النفسي لدی الطلاب (01/0&gt;P). علاوة علی ذلك فإنّ مکونات مثل الذکاء الروحي الذي یحتوي علی التفکیر الوجودي/ النقدي (01/0P&lt; و 209/0=β)، وتنمیة معنی الهویة الفردیة (01/0P&lt; و 260/0=β)، والوعي العمیق (01/0P&lt; و 319/0=β)، وتنمیة حالات الوعي والإدراك (01/0P&lt; و 108/0=β) وأیضاً عنصر الذکاء الإجتماعي، کتحلیل المعطیات والمعلومات الإجتماعیة (01/0P&lt; و 353/0=β)، والوعي الإجتماعي (01/0P&lt; و 259/0=β) والمهارات الإجتماعیة (01/0P&lt; و 205/0=β)، کلها کانت لها تأثیر إیجابي في الصمود النفسي المتوقع في الظروف القاهرة والتحدیات المترتبة علیها. الاستنتاج: أثبتت الدراسة أنّ تهیئة الظروف المواتیة وإعداد برامج لتنمیة الذات والمهارات الفردیة، في سبیل تعزیز وتنمیة الذکاء الروحي والإجتماعي، من شأنها أن ترتقي بمستوی الصمود النفسي لدی الطلاب في الظروف التي فرضتها الجائحة والظروف المشابهة.Background and Objective: One of the ways to deal with various disasters such as the coronavirus is to increase resilience. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to predict the resilience of students during the corona pandemic based on the components of spiritual and social intelligence. Methods: The present study was a correlational study. The statistical population of the study included all male students of Farhangian University of Shahid Bahonar Campus in Birjand in the academic year 2020-2021, out of whom 260 students were selected by convenience sampling method to participate in the research online. They answered the King’s Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire, Silura et al.’s Social Intelligence Questionnaire and Connor and Davidson’s Resilience Questionnaire. Pearson correlation test and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. In this study, all ethical considerations were observed and no conflict of interest was reported by the authors. Results: The results showed that there was a direct and significant relationship between spiritual intelligence (r=0.572) and social intelligence (r=0.633) with resilience (P&lt;0.01). Also, the results showed that the components of spiritual intelligence including critical existential thinking (P&lt;0.01, β=0.209), presenting personal meaning (P&lt;0.01, β=0.260), transcendent awareness (P&lt;0.01, β=0.319) and development of state of consciousness (P&lt;0.05, β=0.108) and the components of social intelligence including social information processing (P&lt;0.01, β=0.353), social awareness (P&lt;0.01, β=0.259) and social skills (Β&lt;0.205, P&lt;0.01) positively predicted resilience. Conclusion: According to the results, creating and developing programs to strengthen spiritual and social intelligence to increase the level of resilience of students is recommended.سابقه و هدف: یکی از راه‌های مواجهه با بلایای مختلف مانند ویروس کرونا افزایش تاب‌آوری است؛ ازاین‌رو هدف پژوهش حاضر پیش‌بینی تاب‌آوری دانشجویان در ایام کرونا بر اساس مؤلفه‌های هوش معنوی و اجتماعی بود. روش کار: پژوهش حاضر از نوع مطالعات همبستگی است. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش شامل تمامی دانشجویان پسر دانشگاه فرهنگیان پردیس شهید باهنر بیرجند در سال تحصیلی 1399-۱400 بود که از میان آنان 260 نفر به‌روش نمونه‌گیری دردسترس انتخاب شدند و به‌صورت اینترنتی در پژوهش شرکت کردند و به پرسش‌نامه­های هوش معنوی کینگ، هوش اجتماعی سیلورا و همکاران و تاب‌آوری کونور و دیویدسون پاسخ دادند. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون چندگانه استفاده شد. در این پژوهش همۀ موارد اخلاقی رعایت شده است و مؤلفان مقاله تضاد منافعی گزارش نکرده‌اند. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که رابطۀ مستقیم و معنی‌داری بین هوش معنوی (572/0=r) و هوش اجتماعی (633/0=r) با تاب‌آوری وجود داشت (01/0&gt;P). علاوه‌براین، مؤلفه­های هوش معنوی شامل تفکر وجودی-انتقادی (01/0P&lt; و 209/0=β)، ارائۀ معنای شخصی (01/0P&lt; و 260/0=β)، آگاهی متعالی (01/0P&lt; و 319/0=β) و توسعۀ حالت هوشیاری (01/0P&lt; و 108/0=β) و مؤلفه‌های هوش اجتماعی شامل پردازش اطلاعات اجتماعی (01/0P&lt; و 353/0=β)، آگاهی اجتماعی (01/0P&lt; و 259/0=β) و مهارت‌های اجتماعی (01/0P&lt; و 205/0=β) به‌صورت مثبت تاب‌آوری را پیش‌بینی کردند. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به یافته‌های پژوهش، ایجاد و گسترش برنامه‌هایی در جهت تقویت هوش معنوی و اجتماعی به‌منظور افزایش سطح تاب‌آوری دانشجویان توصیه می‌شود

The Mediating Role of Parent-Child Relationship, Locus of Control and Academic Performance in ADHD Children's Depression

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of environmental variables (parent-child relationship), locus of control, and academic performance to explain the depression of the children with ADHD. After screening the fifth grade elementary school students by Conner's teacher rating scale, throughDiagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (according to DSM-IV), 113 children were selected as the clinical group. Behavioral management and parenting stress scales as ADHD symptoms indicators were given to mothers, and academic performance test, parent-child relationship questionnaire,locus of control and depression scale were administrated on the children. Pearson correlation coefficientsindicated positive relationships between depression with inattention dimension.There was also a significant relationship between the three mediating variables with depression and inattention dimension of ADHD. Structural equation modeling indicated the importance of parent-child relationship as a mediator variable for inattention-depression relationship. Academic achievement and locus of control couldn’t beeffective mediators in this model. Results of the current study implied the importance of parent-child relationship in ADHD children's depression. This result should be more considered in counselingwith these children