Brain MR images.

<p>Axial (top) and coronal (bottom) Brain MR image before (left) and after (right) application of FIRST. The colours correspond to the segmented sub-cortical structures: pink (left hippocampus), light blue (right hippocampus), orange (left thalamus) and purple (right thalamus).</p

Volumetric differences between stable and decline performers.

<p>Volumetric differences between stable and decline performers.</p

Neuropsychology test score decline.

<p>Neuropsychology test score decline.</p

Linear modelling of change in test scores with volumetric and clinical data.

<p>Linear modelling of change in test scores with volumetric and clinical data.</p

Patient Demographics.

<p>Patient Demographics.</p

Assessment of body fluid compartment volumes by multifrequency bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy in children with dengue

Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF), the most severe form of illness following infection with a dengue virus, is characterized by plasma leakage and a period of increased microvascular permeability. Monitoring of plasma volume and body fluid compartment shifts is an integral part of the clinical management of DHF, and is crucial to the performance of clinical research studies on DHF pathogenesis. Multifrequency bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) was assessed as a non-invasive method to monitor body fluid compartment shifts in children participating in a prospective, hospital-based, study of dengue virus infections in Thailand. Over the 48 h surrounding defervescence, the extracellular water/intracellular water ratio (ECW/ICW) rose in children with dengue virus infections and correlated with increasing disease severity [DHF \u3e intermediate dengue fever (DF)/DHF \u3e DF]. Plasma leakage remained within the ECW compartment and was not directly measured by multifrequency BIS. Expansion of the ECW space in DHF appeared to be primarily due to diminished renal water clearance. During the course of dengue illness, multifrequency BIS did not improve on serial haematocrit and bodyweight determinations for monitoring plasma volume contraction and ECW expansion, respectively

African-Caribbean ethnicity is an independent predictor of significant decline in kidney function in people with type 1 diabetes

   Objective: The aim of the study was to identify the demographic and clinical features in an urban cohort of people with type 1 diabetes who developed ≥50% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).  Research design and methods: We evaluated 5261 people with type 1 diabetes (51% female, 13.4% African-Caribbean) with baseline eGFR >45ml/min/1.73m2. Primary endpoint was an eGFR decline ≥50% from baseline with a final eGFR Results: Of the cohort 263 (5%) reached the primary endpoint. People who reached primary endpoint were more likely to be of African-Caribbean ethnicity, older, with a longer duration of diabetes, higher systolic blood pressure and HbA1c, more prevalent retinopathy, and higher albuminuria categories (p Conclusion: We report a novel observation that African-Caribbean ethnicity increased the risk of kidney function loss, an effect which was independent of traditional risk factors. Further studies are needed to examine the associated pathophysiology that may explain this observation. </p

Characteristics of patient population, organisational characteristics of stroke units, process measures of care quality, and crude mortality rate by weekend nurse/bed ratio.

<p>IQR, interquartile range; LACI, lacunar syndrome; PACI, partial anterior circulation syndrome; POCI, posterior circulation syndrome; TACI, total anterior circulation syndrome.</p

Characteristics of patient population, organisational characteristics of stroke units, process measures of care quality, and crude mortality rate by presence of physician ward rounds 7 d/wk versus <7 d/wk.

<p>IQR, interquartile range; LACI, lacunar syndrome; PACI, partial anterior circulation syndrome; POCI, posterior circulation syndrome; TACI, total anterior circulation syndrome.</p

Hazard ratios of death by 30 d in univariable and multivariable models.

<p>Patient case mix: age, sex, stroke type, consciousness level, hypoxia, independence in activities of daily living before stroke, arm weakness, leg weakness, dysphasia, hemianopia. Organisational characteristics: total number of SU beds, 24/7 on-site stroke thrombolysis service. Staffing: physician ward rounds 7 d/wk, number of healthcare assistants/ten beds on weekends. Care quality: only in ICU, HDU, or SU in first 24 h, antiplatelet therapy within 24 h (if indicated), brain scan within 24 h of admission.</p