The Development of Energy Efficiency Estimation System (EEES) for Sustainable Development: A Proposed Study

AbstractIn the modern era of globalization, energy is regarded as something precious. Thus, energy efficiency (EE) and cost effectiveness are key factors in maintaining economic growth. EE also educates consumers on ways to use energy efficiently and therefore, reduces energy consumption. In Malaysia, domestic sector is the third largest contributor to energy usage. The purpose of this study is to review EE practices and applications in residential buildings in order to raise awareness on smart energy consumption. In the preliminary stage of this study, consumers estimate their monthly energy consumption of their electrical appliances by using Quality Function Deployment (QFD) approach. QFD approach focuses on consumers’ opinion of electrical appliances good and beneficial functions. Selection of residence was made between medium and affordable cost residential areas in Johor. Databases for energy relating to electrical appliances were developed based on the data obtained from the relevant ministry and agencies such as KeTTHA, Energy Commission and TNB. Energy Efficiency Estimation System (EEES) is being developed to help consumers estimate the amount of energy being used daily, which will help consumers to use energy more efficiently. EE indirectly helps reduce the effect on environment especially the greenhouse gases. The promotion of EE and independence from the non-renewable energy source is important in ensuring a sustainable development

The effect of laser surface hardening on the surface hardness of mild steel

Laser surface hardening (LSH) has become the most vital process in order to increase the hardness of a mild steel surface, especially to overcome the wear issues in machining parts, where mild steel was hugely applied. This is due to its advantages such as less air pollution, low cost of maintenance and easy to handle compared to other conventional surface hardening process. The laser surface hardening of mild steel has been performed using fibre laser machine which is having a maximum peak power of 30 Watt, with 1060 nm of wavelength above the surface of mild steel having dimension of 15 × 15 × 6 mm. The Vickers hardness test on the laser hardened surface of this metal were measured by a load of 0.5 kgf and 10 seconds dwell time for ten indention points, randomly. It was found that the highest average microhardness value was 281.72 HV on the surface of sample hardened by a laser power of 21 Watt and 40 mm/s scanning speed. Across the cross sectional area, the affected hardened depth was measured at 19 ± 2.5 µm from the surface. In this region, the fine martensitic grain structure was observed, which contributes to the higher microhardness value. Higher laser power produced higher surface hardness, meanwhile higher scanning speed lead to lower surface hardness

Indoor Air Contaminant Adsorption By Palm Shell Activated Carbon Filter – A Proposed Study

Indoor air contaminant is a public issue. High Volatile Organic Compound (VOC), Carbon monoxide (CO), Carbon dioxide (CO2), and particulate matter is becoming main issue that needs to solve. Therefore, this study focus on improving indoor air quality by using activated carbon (AC) for Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (VAC). It investigated because AC is widely explored but developing AC as a filter for VAC is not developed yet. The AC prepared by physical and chemical activation process and combination both of process and it was activated by H3PO4 and NaOH. Characterization and analysis process are consists of water content, ash content, bulk density, adsorption capacity, iodine number and indoor air filtering analysis. Treated activated carbon potential in achieving higher surface area of the structure to the range of 950 to 1150 m2/g for gas phase application. The higher surface area will adsorb more air pollution. Maintained properties of activated carbon such as hardness, density, pore, extractable ash, particle size (12 by 40 mesh) and pH are becoming the main concern in achieving high quality of activated carbon

Indoor Air Contaminant Adsorption By Palm Shell Activated Carbon Filter – A Proposed Study

Indoor air contaminant is a public issue. High Volatile Organic Compound (VOC), Carbon monoxide (CO), Carbon dioxide (CO2), and particulate matter is becoming main issue that needs to solve. Therefore, this study focus on improving indoor air quality by using activated carbon (AC) for Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (VAC). It investigated because AC is widely explored but developing AC as a filter for VAC is not developed yet. The AC prepared by physical and chemical activation process and combination both of process and it was activated by H3PO4 and NaOH. Characterization and analysis process are consists of water content, ash content, bulk density, adsorption capacity, iodine number and indoor air filtering analysis. Treated activated carbon potential in achieving higher surface area of the structure to the range of 950 to 1150 m2/g for gas phase application. The higher surface area will adsorb more air pollution. Maintained properties of activated carbon such as hardness, density, pore, extractable ash, particle size (12 by 40 mesh) and pH are becoming the main concern in achieving high quality of activated carbon

Energy Consumption Analysis Based on Energy Efficiency Approach: A Case of Suburban Area

Sufficient data about electricity consumption over large periods of time was accumulated and analysed in order to develop appropriate electricity-saving measures. An important first step was to analyse and identify electrical appliances that had energy saving potential. Different behavioural consumption profiles were analysed using information from two sources: 1) technical data about electricity consumption (electricity bill) and 2) data about household electrical appliance usage and consumer awareness obtained from a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire consisted of four sections of questions which concerned residents’ backgrounds, residential information, consumers’ awareness about energy efficiency (EE) and the energy usage of each house. The results showed that the electricity consumption profile of an individual household could be most related to the EE approach. It indicated that consumers’ behaviour (awareness and practice) resulted in one of the important factors related to high electricity consumption. Another important conclusion of our questionnaire-based analysis was that the implementation of the EE approach could help the consumer to reduce their monthly energy consumption

Energy Consumption Analysis Based on Energy Efficiency Approach: A Case of Suburban Area

Sufficient data about electricity consumption over large periods of time was accumulated and analysed in order to develop appropriate electricity-saving measures. An important first step was to analyse and identify electrical appliances that had energy saving potential. Different behavioural consumption profiles were analysed using information from two sources: 1) technical data about electricity consumption (electricity bill) and 2) data about household electrical appliance usage and consumer awareness obtained from a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire consisted of four sections of questions which concerned residents’ backgrounds, residential information, consumers’ awareness about energy efficiency (EE) and the energy usage of each house. The results showed that the electricity consumption profile of an individual household could be most related to the EE approach. It indicated that consumers’ behaviour (awareness and practice) resulted in one of the important factors related to high electricity consumption. Another important conclusion of our questionnaire-based analysis was that the implementation of the EE approach could help the consumer to reduce their monthly energy consumption