D-Bees: A Novel Method Inspired by Bee Colony Optimization for Solving Word Sense Disambiguation

Word sense disambiguation (WSD) is a problem in the field of computational linguistics given as finding the intended sense of a word (or a set of words) when it is activated within a certain context. WSD was recently addressed as a combinatorial optimization problem in which the goal is to find a sequence of senses that maximize the semantic relatedness among the target words. In this article, a novel algorithm for solving the WSD problem called D-Bees is proposed which is inspired by bee colony optimization (BCO)where artificial bee agents collaborate to solve the problem. The D-Bees algorithm is evaluated on a standard dataset (SemEval 2007 coarse-grained English all-words task corpus)and is compared to simulated annealing, genetic algorithms, and two ant colony optimization techniques (ACO). It will be observed that the BCO and ACO approaches are on par

The effect of management system on Camels milk yield and calve growth rate in north Kordofan, Sudan

Twenty lactating she-camels and two mature male for mating were selected in north Kordofan state, Sudan. The animals were divided into two groups 10 she-camel of each with one male for mating. Group one managed in a semi intensive system, all animals were herded during night in closed in pen and set free during the midday. Supplementation consists of concentrates (2kg/day) and roughages (5kg/day) were used. The other group served as a control (Under traditional system) all animals managed traditionally but within the site of the experimental work, on this system the animals are brought to grazing areas where they selected the feed by themselves from the available plants and allowing nothing as supplemented feeding. The calves' weights were determined every six months using traditional balances, also daily milk yield were recorded. The study indicated that daily milk production in she-camel reared under semi-intensive system was higher than the camels reared under traditional management. Also the results indicated that the body weight of the calves under semi-intensive system during six, 12 and 18 months of age were the highest than the calves reared in the traditional system, semi-intensive system improved the daily growth rates of the calve. The study showed that there were non-significant differences between male and female on daily gain. (Résumé d'auteur

Integrated pest management of sugarcane moth borers: An Indonesian experience : S1012TU05 Integrated Pest Management

An Integrated Pest Management program is developed to combat moth borer infestation in Java, Indonesia. An extensive survey over a period of two years (2010 ? 2011) revealed the existence of five moth borer species causing damage to sugarcane crops in Java, and these were Chilo auricilius, C. sacchariphagus, Scirpophaga excerptalis, Sesamia inferens and Tetramoera schistaceana, with the three former species being the most abundant. Infestation by C. sacchariphagus and C. auricilius caused dead heart and leaf damage in young cane and bored internodes in older cane, while S. excerptalis was responsible for the majority of dead heart symptoms at all stages of plant development. Infestation by the main three borers commenced in February and escalated to a peak in about June ? July. Our results revealed very low levels of parasitism by key natural enemies, and this was attributed to inconsistent parasitoid release, lack of prior assessment of infestation levels, release of low parasitoid densities and random use of insecticides. Certain varieties demonstrated a degree of tolerance to borer infestation, however, different susceptibility levels to different borer species was evident, hence, breeding for combined resistance to all borer species is difficult. A plan is developed based on borer abundance in the field, whereby accurate densities of natural enemies are released as borer infestation commences and well before it reaches a peak. The principal components of a detailed Integrated Management Program to combat moth borer infestations in Indonesia are discussed. (Résumé d'auteur

Implementation of Adaptive Neural Networks Controller for NXT SCARA Robot System

Several neural network controllers for robotic manipulators have been developed during the last decades due to their capability to learn the dynamic properties and the improvements in the global stability of the system. In this paper, an adaptive neural controller has been designed with self learning to resolve the problems caused by using a classical controller. A comparison between the improved unsupervised adaptive neural network controller and the P controller for the NXT SCARA robot system is done, and the result shows the improvement of the self learning controller to track the determined trajectory of robotic automated controllers with uncertainties. Implementation and practical results were designed to guarantee online real-time

Tripartite degrons confer diversity and specificity on regulated protein degradation in the ubiquitin-proteasome system

Specific signals (degrons) regulate protein turnover mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Here we systematically analyse known degrons and propose a tripartite model comprising the following: (1) a primary degron (peptide motif) that specifies substrate recognition by cognate E3 ubiquitin ligases, (2) secondary site(s) comprising a single or multiple neighbouring ubiquitinated lysine(s) and (3) a structurally disordered segment that initiates substrate unfolding at the 26S proteasome. Primary degron sequences are conserved among orthologues and occur in structurally disordered regions that undergo E3-induced folding-on-binding. Posttranslational modifications can switch primary degrons into E3-binding-competent states, thereby integrating degradation with signalling pathways. Degradation-linked lysines tend to be located within disordered segments that also initiate substrate degradation by effective proteasomal engagement. Many characterized mutations and alternative isoforms with abrogated degron components are implicated in disease. These effects result from increased protein stability and interactome rewiring. The distributed nature of degrons ensures regulation, specificity and combinatorial control of degradation. © 2016 Nature America, Inc

PON2 Deficiency Leads to Increased Susceptibility to Diet-Induced Obesity.

(1) Background: Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) is a ubiquitously expressed protein localized to endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Previous studies have shown that PON2 exhibits anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory functions, and PON2-deficient (PON2-def) mice are more susceptible to atherosclerosis. Furthermore, PON2 deficiency leads to impaired mitochondrial function. (2) Methods: In this study, we examined the susceptibility of PON2-def mice to diet-induced obesity. (3) Results: After feeding of an obesifying diet, the PON2-def mice exhibited significantly increased body weight due to increased fat mass weight as compared to the wild-type (WT) mice. The increased adiposity was due, in part, to increased adipocyte hypertrophy. PON2-def mice had increased fasting insulin levels and impaired glucose tolerance after diet-induced obesity. PON2-def mice had decreased oxygen consumption and energy expenditure. Furthermore, the oxygen consumption rate of subcutaneous fat pads from PON2-def mice was lower compared to WT mice. Gene expression analysis of the subcutaneous fat pads revealed decreased expression levels of markers for beige adipocytes in PON2-def mice. (4) Conclusions: We concluded that altered systemic energy balance, perhaps due to decreased beige adipocytes and mitochondrial dysfunction in white adipose tissue of PON2-def mice, leads to increased obesity in these mice