Conversations: a trialogue on organization, power and intervention in fisheries

In the winter of October 1999, as part of a programme of ICSF, three persons converged on the Treasure Guest House in Accra, Ghana. They came from three very distinct parts of the world, each bringing along a different baggage of culture and upbringing. What they shared, however, was a history of intimate involvement with the fisheries of their respective countries. During the course of slightly over a week, the three discussed, almost threadbare, the gamut of issues that lie at the heart of fisheries and fishworkers in the artisanal sector, at a time when various factors are combining to alter the status of both fisheries resources and fishers' livelihoods. In the process, their trialogue often meandered into areas of philosophy, ethics, politics, history, sociology and epistemology. The result is this book, a work of abiding value that goes beyond fisheries, fishworkers and organizations, offering powerful insights, inspired reasoning and composed passion. In Conversations, Aliou Sall, Nalini Nayak and Michael Belliveau talk the reader through a world of tribulation, challenges, success, failure, temerity and grit, all in the belief that "we make no contribution to the world by just getting agitated by what is going on around us. We have to find the right point at which to strike." A valuable resource for fishworker organizations, researchers, activists and anyone interested in organizations and fisheries

Reforms in Small-Scale Fishing in Senegal by Crisis or New Forms of Dialogue?

For decades, fishing was considered an area warranting public support policies, particularly its industrial segment. The sector continues to enjoy the support of international donors in addition to significant private overinvestment. Globally, catches of artisanal fisheries continue to grow while industrial fisheries decline since the mid 1990s. The latter are important for local food security, but are also increasingly export-oriented. Attempts to reform the sector are slow to make progress. Our case study in Senegal helps to understand better the opportunities for reforms securing local livelihoods and food security. It is based on more than350 interviews with fisherfolk, local public administrators and fish mongers in major artisanal fishing centres. We note that the efforts of the public administration since 2000 to reign in the expansion of the artisanal fleet have met with strong social resistance. At the same time, the artisanal fleet has increased in numbers, size and horsepower of outboard engines of new pirogues. Mobile phones and use of scientific data, particularly weather forecasts, have helped with risk management and keep otherwise increasing transaction costs engendered, e.g. by avoidance or conflict with the navy's surveillance of licence holders, under control. Using the interviews, we explore options for a more fruitful meeting of rather effective traditional social organisation with public policy to move forward in the reform attempts, including through better use of research by all parties.Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, held July 11-15, 2016 at Aberdeen Exhibition and Conference Center (AECC), Aberdeen, Scotland, UK

Chlorido[N′-(2-oxidobenzil­idene)acetohydrazide-κ2 O,N′,O′]copper(II) dihydrate

In the title complex, [Cu(C9H9N2O2)Cl]·2H2O, prepared from the Schiff base ligand N′-(2-hydroxy­benzil­idene)aceto­hydrazide and copper(II) chloride, the CuII atom is coord­inated by two O atoms and one N atom from the ligand and by a Cl atom in a distorted square-planar geometry. The two donor O atoms of the tridentate Schiff base ligand are in a trans arrangement. In the crystal structure, there is an extensive inter­molecular hydrogen-bonding network; N—H⋯O, O—H⋯O and O—H⋯Cl inter­actions, involving the uncoordinated water mol­ecules, lead to the formation of a two-dimensional network parallel to the ab plane

Synthesis and X-ray structure of the dysprosium(III) complex derived from the ligand 5-chloro-1,3-diformyl-2-hydroxybenzene-bis-(2-hydroxybenzoylhydrazone) [Dy2(C22H16ClN4O5)3]

The title compound [Dy2(C22H16ClN4O5)3](SCN)3(H2O)(CH3OH) has been synthesized and its crystal structure determined by single X-ray diffraction at room temperature. The two nine coordinated Dy(III) are bound to three macromolecules ligand through the phenolic oxygens of the p-chlorophenol moieties, the nitrogen atoms and the carbonyl functions of the hydrazonic moieties. The phenolic oxygen atoms of the 2-hydroxybenzoyl groups are not bonded to the metal ions. In the bases of the coordination polyhedra the six Dy-N bonds are in the range 2.563(13)-2.656(13) Å and the twelve Dy-O bonds are in the range 2.281(10)-2.406(10) Å. KEY WORDS: Dysprosium(III) complex, 5-Chloro-1,3-diformyl-2-hydroxybenzene-bis-(2-hydroxybenzoylhydrazone), Crystal structure  Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2003, 17(2), 167-172

Bis(2-benzamido­benzimidazolato-κ2 N 1,O)(N,N-dimethyl­formamide-κO)copper(II)

In the title compound, [Cu(C14H10N3O)2(C3H7NO)], the CuII atom is five-coordinated by two N,O-bidentate 2-benzamido­benzimidazolate anions and one O-coordinated dimethyl­formamide (DMF) mol­ecule, resulting in a distorted square-based pyramidal CuN2O3 geometry for the metal atom, with the DMF O atom at the apical site. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds result in chains of mol­ecules propagating along [100]

Bis(imidazole-κN 3)bis­(nitrato-κO)zinc(II)

The title complex, [Zn(NO3)2(C3H4N2)2], contains a ZnII centre with a slightly distorted tetra­hedral coordination environment, involving two N atoms from imidazole ligands and two O atoms from nitrate anions. The imino NH groups participate in inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

1,2-Bis(N′-benzoyl­thio­ureido)benzene

The title compound, C22H18N4O2S2, was characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, solid-state IR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallographic techniques. The crystal structure determination reveals that the twisting modes of the two side arms are different [C—N—C—O and C—N—C—N torsion angles = −1.2 (3) and 1.1 (3)°, respectively, in one arm and 24.1 (3) and −5.1 (3)°, respectively, in the other]. The crystal structure involves N—H⋯O and N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds

4,6-Dimethyl-2-thioxo-1,2-dihydro­pyrimidin-3-ium chloride–thio­urea (1/1)

In the title compound, C6H9N2S+·Cl−·CH4N2S, the 4,6-di­methyl-2-thioxo-1,2-dihydro­pyrimidin-3-ium cation is proton­ated at one of the pyrimidine N atoms. The cations are bridged by the chloride anions through a pair of N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds. The amino groups of each thio­urea adduct inter­act with the chloride anions through a pair of N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds and the S atom of another thio­urea adduct through a pair of N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds. These inter­actions result in a layered hydrogen-bonded network propagating parallel to the bc plane. Except for two H atoms, all atoms are on special positions

Synthesis, physical studies and crystal structure determination of Y(III) and Er(III) complexes of 1-(pyridin-2-yl)-2-(pyridine-2-ylmethylene)hydrazine

Two isotype mononuclear yttrium(III) and erbium(III) complexes, {[Y(HL)(OAc)2(H2O)2]. (H2O)∙(NO3)} (1) and {[Er(HL) (OAc)2(H2O)2].(H2O)∙(NO3)} (2), where HL is the neutral Schiff base ligand 1-(pyridin-2-yl)-2-(pyridine-2-ylmethylene)hydrazine, and OAc is the acetate anion, have been synthesized and characterized by physicochemical methods and single crystal X-ray determination. Both complexes crystallizes in the triclinic space group Pī with unit cell dimensions for complex of Y(III) a = 7.909 (2) Å, b = 11.718 (4) Å, c = 12.497 (3) Å,    α = 78.907 (3)°, b = 73.840 (3)°, γ = 72.074 (3)°, V = 1051.26 (6) Å3, Z = 2, R1 = 0.051 and    wR2 = 0.112 and for complex of Er(III)a = 7.913 (1) Å, b = 11.719 (2) Å, c = 12.487 (2) Å,          α = 78.832 (1)°, α = 73.674 (1)°, γ = 72.012 (1)°, V = 1049.64 (3) Å3, Z = 2, R1 = 0.028, and   wR2 = 0.062. In both complexes, the coordination polyhedra around Ln(III) atoms are best described as a distorted tricapped trigonal prism. Antioxidant activities of the ligand and its Y(III) and Er(III) complexes are studied