Peculiarities of personality resilience formation in modern conditions

The speed, complexity, and all-encompassing nature of modern socioeconomic processes place high demands on such personal qualities as resilience, stress resistance, competitiveness, and the ability to self-develop and self-help. These qualities are essential for successful functioning in society and overcoming serious social challenges. According to psychologists, the modern conditions in which people live and realize themselves are extreme and stimulate the development of stress. The article aims to outline the key trends in the modern scientific literature on issues related to the formation of resilience. It is equally important to study the practical aspects of the development of this trait as one of the key factors of a successful life in modern conditions. In the course of the study, the analytical and bibliographic method was applied to study the scientific literature on resilience formation. Furthermore, the authors of the study conducted an online questionnaire survey to clarify the most important issues related to the formation of personal resilience, given the challenges of today. According to the results of the study, the main most important theoretical aspects of the issue of the formation of personality resilience in modern conditions are identified. Moreover, the viewpoints of scientists and practicing psychologists on the key aspects of this issue are studied

Counting hard-to-count populations: the network scale-up method for public health

Estimating sizes of hidden or hard-to-reach populations is an important problem in public health. For example, estimates of the sizes of populations at highest risk for HIV and AIDS are needed for designing, evaluating and allocating funding for treatment and prevention programmes. A promising approach to size estimation, relatively new to public health, is the network scale-up method (NSUM), involving two steps: estimating the personal network size of the members of a random sample of a total population and, with this information, estimating the number of members of a hidden subpopulation of the total population. We describe the method, including two approaches to estimating personal network sizes (summation and known population). We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each approach and provide examples of international applications of the NSUM in public health. We conclude with recommendations for future research and evaluation

HIV treatment cascade among people who inject drugs in Ukraine.

The HIV treatment cascade is an effective tool to track progress and gaps in the HIV response among key populations. People who inject drugs (PWID) remain the most affected key population in Ukraine with HIV prevalence of 22% in 2015. We performed secondary analysis of the 2017 Integrated Bio-Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) survey data to construct the HIV treatment cascade for PWID and identify correlates of each indicator achievement. The biggest gap in the cascade was found in the first "90", HIV status awareness: only 58% [95% CI: 56%-61%] of HIV-positive PWID reported being aware of their HIV-positive status. Almost 70% [67%-72%] of all HIV-infected PWID who were aware of their status reported that they currently received antiretroviral therapy (ART). Almost three quarters (74% [71%-77%]) of all HIV-infected PWID on ART were virally suppressed. Access to harm reduction services in the past 12 months and lifetime receipt of opioid agonist treatment (OAT) had the strongest association with HIV status awareness. Additionally, OAT patients who were aware of HIV-positive status had 1.7 [1.2-2.3] times the odds of receiving ART. Being on ART for the last 6 months or longer increased odds to be virally suppressed; in contrast, missed recent doses of ART significantly decreased the odds of suppression. The HIV treatment cascade analysis for PWID in Ukraine revealed substantial gaps at each step and identified factors contributing to achievement of the outcomes. More intensive harm reduction outreach along with targeted case finding could help to fill the HIV awareness gap among PWID in Ukraine. Scale up of OAT and community-level linkage to care and ART adherence interventions are viable strategies to improve ART coverage and viral suppression among PWID

Impact and cost-effectiveness of non-governmental organizations on the HIV epidemic in Ukraine among men who have sex with men

OBJECTIVE: Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in Ukraine have provided HIV testing, treatment, and condom distribution for men who have sex with men (MSM). HIV prevalence among MSM in Ukraine is 5.6%. We estimated the impact and cost-effectiveness of MSM-targeted NGO activities in Ukraine. DESIGN: A mathematical model of HIV transmission among MSM was calibrated to data from Ukraine (2011-2018). METHODS: The model, designed before the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, evaluated the impact of 2018 status quo (SQ) coverage levels of 28% of MSM being NGO clients over 2016-2020 and 2021-2030 compared to no NGO activities over these time periods. Impact was measured in HIV incidence and infections averted. We compared the costs and disability adjusted life years [DALYs] for the SQ and a counterfactual scenario (no NGOs 2016-2020, but with NGOs thereafter) until 2030 to estimate the mean incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER, cost per DALY averted). RESULTS: Without NGO activity over 2016-2020, the HIV incidence in 2021 would have been 44% (95%CrI: 36%-59%) higher than with SQ levels of NGO activity, with 25% (21-30%) more incident infections occurring over 2016-2020. Continuing with SQ NGO coverage levels will decrease HIV incidence by 41% over 2021-2030, whereas it will increase by 79% (60-120%) with no NGOs over this period and 37% (30-51%) more HIV infections will occur. Compared to if NGO activities had ceased over 2016-2020 (but continued thereafter), the SQ scenario averts 14,918 DALYs over 2016-2030 with a mean ICER of US$600.15 per DALY averted. CONCLUSIONS: MSM-targeted NGOs in Ukraine have prevented considerable HIV infections and are highly cost-effective compared with a willingness-to-pay threshold of 50$1,548)