9 research outputs found
Effects of Herbal Compound (IMOD) on Behavior and Expression of Alzheimer's Disease Related Genes in Streptozotocin-Rat Model of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease
Purpose: Sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) accounts for
over 95% of cases. Possible mechanisms of AD such as inflammation and oxidative
stresses in the brain motivate researchers to follow many therapies which would
be effective, especially in the early stages of the disease. IMOD, the herbal
extract of R. Canina, T. Vulgare and U. Dioica plant species
enriched with selenium, has anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory and protective
effects against oxidative stress.
Methods: In this study three AD-related genes, DAXX,
NFκβ and VEGF, were chosen as candidate to investigate the
neuroprotective effect of the extract by comparing their expression levels in
the hippocampus of rat model of sporadic AD, using qPCR in the herbal-treated
and control groups. The therapeutic effects on learning and memory levels were
evaluated by Morris Water Maze (MWM) test.
Results: Gene expression results were indicative of
significant up-regulation of Vegf in
rat’s hippocampus after treatment with the herbal extract comparing to model
group (P-value= 0.001). The MWM results showed
significant changes in path length and time for finding the hidden platform in
all groups during test and the same change in the treated comparing to the
control group in memory level.
Conclusion: It could be concluded
that the herbal extract may have significant effect on gene expression but not
on behavioral level
Effects of Ectoine on Behavior and Candidate Genes Expression in ICV-STZ Rat Model of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease
Purpose: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is pathologically defined by the presence of amyloid plaques and tangles in the brain, therefore, any drug or compound with potential effect on lowering amyloid plaques, could be noticed for AD management especially in the primary phases of the disease. Ectoine constitutes a group of small molecule chaperones (SMCs). SMCs inhibit proteins and other changeable macromolecular structures misfolding from environmental stresses. Ectoine has been reported successfully prohibit insulin amyloid formation in vitro. Methods: We selected eight genes, DAXX, NFκβ, VEGF, PSEN1, MTAP2, SYP, MAPK3 and TNFα genes which had previously showed significant differential expression in Alzheimer human brain and STZ- rat model. We considered the neuroprotective efficacy by comparing the expression of candidate genes levels in the hippocampus of rat model of Sopradic Alzheimer’s disease (SAD), using qPCR in compound-treated and control groups as well as therapeutic effects at learning and memory levels by using Morris Water Maze (MWM) test. Results: Our results showed significant down-regulation of Syp, Mapk3 and Tnfα and up-regulation of Vegf in rat’s hippocampus after treatment with ectoine comparing to the STZ-induced group. In MWM, there was no significant change in swimming distance and time for finding the hidden platform in treated comparing to STZ-induced group. In addition, it wasn’t seen significant change in compound-treated comparing to STZ-induced and control groups in memory level. Conclusion: It seems this compound may have significant effect on expression level of some AD- related genes but not on clinical levels
Mutations in the gene encoding PDGF-B cause brain calcifications in humans and mice
Calcifications in the basal ganglia are a common incidental finding and are sometimes inherited as an autosomal dominant trait (idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (IBGC)). Recently, mutations in the PDGFRB gene coding for the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGF-Rβ) were linked to IBGC. Here we identify six families of different ancestry with nonsense and missense mutations in the gene encoding PDGF-B, the main ligand for PDGF-Rβ. We also show that mice carrying hypomorphic Pdgfb alleles develop brain calcifications that show age-related expansion. The occurrence of these calcium depositions depends on the loss of endothelial PDGF-B and correlates with the degree of pericyte and blood-brain barrier deficiency. Thus, our data present a clear link between Pdgfb mutations and brain calcifications in mice, as well as between PDGFB mutations and IBGC in humans