Correlation of SCD40L Level with Force Vital Capacity Value in Restrictive Lung Disease of Systemic Sclerosis Patients

Background: Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) is one of the major cause of morbidity and mortality in Systemic Sclerosis (SSc). The gold standard to diagnose ILD is using High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) scan. HRCT scan need a lot of cost and not always available, so another diagnosing test is needed as an alternative modality to diagnose ILD. ILD is a restrictive lung disease caused by lung fibrosis which is proved by the decrease of Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) in spirometry, and followed by the increase of soluble CD40L (sCD40L) level in plasma. This sCD40L may become a potential biomarker to evaluate lung fibrosis in SSc patients. The aim of this study is to analyze the correlation of sCD40L levels with FVC score in SSc patients with restrictive lung disease.Method:This cross sectional study was enrolled by the SSc patient who has restrictive lung disease based on spirometry test, at Rheumatology outpatient clinic dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital from May 2015 to May 2016. All subject took underwent history, physical examination, spirometry and blood test for sCD40L. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation.Result:There were 38 subjects involved in this study, dominated bywoman (92.1%) with mean age 41(±11) years. Subjects consist of 22(57,9%) with limited SSc, 16(42,1%) with diffuse SSc patients and 33 subjects treated with DMARD. Mean sCD40L serum in this study was 6.690,3(±2.377,3) pg/mL, with no statistical difference between limited and diffuse type (p=0.154). Mean FVC score in this study was 58.2(±10,8). There was no significant correlation between sCD40L serum with FVC (r=0.058; p=0.366). There was weak correlation on DMARD naïve subject between sCD40L serum and FVC (r=0.058; p=0.366) but statistically insignificant. There was no significant correlation between sCD40L serum with mRSS (r=0,066; p=0,346).Conclusion: This study founds no correlation between sCD40L with FVC in SSc at dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital

Analisis Variabel Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Spread Harga Saham Pada Industri Manufaktur Di Bursa Efek Jakarta

Spread was differenced between ask-price and bid-price at the capital market. Ask and bid price made by broker. Spread influenced by two factor : assymetry information and competition between the market maker. The higher assymetry information and the strongger competition at the capital market, a lower ask price and a higher bid price, made a lower spread. Dividend anouncement conveys information to the capital market, thereby reducing assymetry information and made a lower spread. As information proxy, we expect market capitalization (firm size) and length of listing. The aim of this research were : (1) to discover the simultaneus and partial relationship between variables, dividend yield, trading volume, return variance, stock price, market capitalization, length of listing and spread. (2) Whose of those variables would give a bigger influenced with spread. Sampel obtained amount to 25 kinds of manufacturer shares traded at the Jakarta Stock Exchange, with purposive tecknical sampling, that was on cash dividend paying and traded on 1999 manufacturer firm. This research used daily stock price at Jakarta Stock Exchange periode of January – Desember 1999. The analysis tools used multiple regression analysis. The result of this research showed that : (1) There was a significanly negative relationship between dividend yield and return variance with spread, a significanly positive relationship between return variance and spread. (2) Stock price was a non significanly negative relationship. (3) There was mulcollinier between trading volume and market capitalization so market capitalization out from the model. (4) Return variance was a bigger influenced with spread. The result was because using 1999th data which economic growth was not stable yet, unstabilyty dividend polecy on the firm and investors behavior differences