Tilt Angle of Solar Panels for Best Winter, Summer and Year-Round Performances for Different Regions of the World

مقدمة: في السنوات الاخيرة، اكتسبت الطاقة الشمسية اهتماماً متزايداً. الطاقة من الشمس غير محدودة وصديقة للبيئة. فهي تفيد في تقليل انبعاث ثنائي اوكسيد الكربون الناتج عن احتراق الوقود الاحفوري ويؤدي الى الاحتباس الحراري. طرق العمل: تعد زاوية ميل اللوح الشمسي عاملاً مهماً تؤثر على ادائه. يوفر هذا البحث زاوية ميل الالواح الشمسية لـ 90 عاصمة في 90 دولة في النصفين الشمالي والجنوبي من الكرة الارضية. تم استخدام برنامج حساب الاشعاع الشمسي لحساب زوايا الميل من الوضع العمودي. النتائج: تتراوح زاوية الميل للعواصم المدروسة من 11 درجة الى 90 درجة في الشتاء، ومن 41 درجة الى 105 درجة في الصيف ومن 26 درجة الى 90 درجة على مدار العام. نتائج المخرجات التي تم الحصول عليها من البرنامج الحسابي قريبة جداً من تلك المحسوبة من المعادلات وتتفق مع الدراسات السابقة. الاستنتاجات: وفقاً لنتائج العمل الحالي, فقط دائرة العرض مطلوبة لحساب زاوية الميل في اي مكان في جميع انحاء العالم. يمكن تعميم هذه النتائج على اي مكان على وجه الارض. من المتوقع ان تعطي نتائج هذا العمل معلومات قيّمة لمستخدمي الالواح الشمسية.Background: In recent years, solar energy has gained increased attention. The energy from the sun is unlimited and environment friendly. It is useful in decreasing the carbon dioxide emission that comes from the burning of fossil fuels and leads to global warming. Materials and Methods: The tilt angle of a solar panel is an important parameter that affects its performance. This paper provides the tilt angle of solar panels for 90 capital cities in 90 countries in the northern and southern hemispheres. Solar Irradiance Calculator is used to calculate the tilt angles from vertical. Results: The tilt angle for the studied capital cities ranges from 11° to 90° in winter, 41° to 105° in summer and 26° to 90° for year-round. The output results obtained from the calculator are very close to those calculated from equations and agree with previous studies. Conclusions: According to the results of the current work, only the latitude is required to calculate the tilt angle at any location worldwide. These results can be generalized to any location on the earth. The results of this work are expected to give valuable information to the users of solar panels

Center conditions for a lopsided quartic polynomial vector field

AbstractWe consider in this article11We wish to express our thanks to Pr. J.P. Françoise for his advice during the period of this work. a lopsided quartic polynomial vector field X=−x∂∂y+y∂∂x+∑i+j=4(bijxiyj∂∂y). We first compute the first non-zero derivative of the return map r↦L(r,ε). We study then the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a center

The Hopf algebra structure of the Z3_3-graded quantum supergroup GLq,j(1∣1)_{q,j}(1|1)

In this work, we give some features of the Z$_3$-graded quantum supergroup

Structural Study of the Amran Basin in NW of Yemen and Their Impact on the Recharge of Groundwater

Geological study covers the investigation of the structural elements and some of the hydrogeological conditions of the Amran Basin NW of Yemen. Generally, the water-supply situation in Amran basin is precarious due to more abstraction than recharge is taking place; consequently, groundwater levels continue to fall and the groundwater resource is increasingly being exhausted. The aim of this study is to identify the depth of ground water in Amran basin depending on several techniques such as: field data, remote-sensing images and geographic information system (GIS). The findings revealed that a wide range of depths of the water table, mostly relate to the structural features occur within the area. As a result, the presented study concluded that the maximum depths from the surface to the lowest contact between Kahlan Sandstone and Akbra Shale Formations ranges from 500 to 700m, this represents the lower contact of Amran Aquifer. Keywords: Amran Basin; Structural elements; Groundwater; Recharge

Sparticle Spectroscopy with Neutralino Dark matter from t-b-tau Quasi-Yukawa Unification

We consider two classes of t-b-tau quasi-Yukawa unification scenarios which can arise from realistic supersymmetric SO(10) and SU(4)_C X SU(2)_L X SU(2)_R models. We show that these scenarios can be successfully implemented in the CMSSM and NUHM1 frameworks, and yields a variety of sparticle spectra with WMAP compatible neutralino dark matter. In NUHM1 we find bino-higgsino dark matter as well as the stau coannihilation and A-funnel solutions. The CMSSM case yields the stau coannihilation and A-funnel solutions. The gluino and squark masses are found to lie in the TeV range.Comment: 21 pages, 12 figures, 2 table

Embedded Parallel Systolic Architecture For Multi-Filtering Techniques Using FPGA.

Computing systems typically suffer from delay in data processing

Optical Properties Of Treated And Untreated Monocrystalline p- Si<L11>,p-Si<100>, n-Si<l11> and n-Si<100) Wafers In The Visible Region At Room Temperature.

Silicon only based materials have dominated the electronic applications for the past few decades and now the materials have almost reached its saturation point