Enhanced feature selection algorithm for pneumonia detection

Pneumonia is a type of lung disease that can be detected using X-ray images. The analysis of chest X-ray images is an active research area in medical image analysis and computer-aided radiology. This research aims to improve the accuracy and efficiency of radiologists' work by providing a technique for identifying and categorizing diseases. More attention should be given to applying machine learning approaches to develop a robust chest X-ray image classification method. The typical method for detecting Pneumonia is through chest X-ray images, but analyzing these images can be complex and requires the expertise of a radiographer. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of detecting the disease using chest X-ray images as datasets and a Support Vector Machine combined with a Naive Bayesian classifier, with PCA and GA as feature selection methods. The selected features are essential for training many classifiers. The proposed system achieved an accuracy of 92.26%, using 91% of the principal component. The study's result suggests that using PCA and GA for feature selection in chest X-ray image classification can achieve a good accuracy of 97.44%. Further research is needed to explore the use of other data mining models and care components to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of the system

Proposed neural intrusion detection system to detect denial of service attacks in MANETs

MANTs are groups of mobiles hosts that arrange themselves into a grid lacking some preexist organization where the active network environment makes it simple in danger by an attacker. A node leaves out, and another node enters in the network, making it easy to penetration. This paper aims to design a new method of intrusion detection in the MANET and avoiding Denial of Service (DoS) basis on the neural networks and Zone Sampling-Based Traceback algorithm (ZSBT). There are several restrictions in outdating intrusion detection, such as time-intense, regular informing, non-adaptive, accuracy, and suppleness. Therefore, a novel intrusion detection system is stimulated by Artificial Neural Network and ZSBT algorithm using a simulated MANET. Using KDD cup 99 as a dataset, the experiments demonstrate that the model could can detect DoS effectively

Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in type 2 diabetes mellitus Saudi patients as add-on to antidiabetic therapy: a prospective, open-label, observational study

The Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) approved sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in 2018. The efficacy and safety of empagliflozin (EMPA) have been confirmed in the U.S., Europe, and Japan for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, analogous evidence is lacking for Saudi T2DM patients. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of EMPA in Saudi patients (n = 256) with T2DM. This is a 12-week prospective, open-label, observational study. Adult Saudi patients with T2DM who had not been treated with EMPA before enrolment were eligible. The exclusion criteria included T2DM patients less than 18 years of age, adults with type one diabetes, pregnant women, paediatric population. The results related to efficacy included a significant decrease in haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (adjusted mean difference −0.93% [95% confidence interval (CI) −0.32, −1.54]), significant improvements in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (−2.28 mmol/L [95% CI −2.81, −1.75]), and a reduction in body weight (−0.874 kg [95% CI −4.36, −6.10]) following the administration of 25 mg of EMPA once daily as an add-on to ongoing antidiabetic therapy after 12 weeks. The primary safety endpoints were the change in the mean blood pressure (BP) values, which indicated significantly reduced systolic and diastolic BP (−3.85 mmHg [95% CI −6.81, −0.88] and −0.06 mmHg [95% CI −0.81, −0.88], respectively) and pulse rate (−1.18 [95% CI −0.79, −3.15]). In addition, kidney function was improved, with a significant reduction in the urine albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) (−1.76 mg/g [95% CI −1.07, −34.25]) and a significant increase in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (3.54 mL/min/1.73 m2 [95% CI 2.78, 9.87]). Furthermore, EMPA reduced aminotransferases (ALT) in a pattern (reduction in ALT > AST). The adjusted mean difference in the change in ALT was −2.36 U/L [95% CI −1.031, −3.69], while it was −1.26 U/L [95% CI −0.3811, −2.357] for AST and −1.98 U/L [95% CI −0.44, −3.49] for GGT. Moreover, in the EMPA group, serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) significantly increased (0.29 mmol/L [95% CI 0.74, 0.15]), whereas a nonsignificant increase was seen in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (0.01 mmol/L [95% CI 0.19, 0.18]) along with a significant reduction in plasma triglyceride (TG) levels (−0.43 mmol/L [95% CI −0.31, −1.17]). Empagliflozin once daily is an efficacious and tolerable strategy for treating Saudi patients with insufficiently controlled T2DM as an add-on to ongoing antidiabetic therapy

ANATOMY OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: INSIGHTS INTO DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DISORDERS

<p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>The gastrointestinal (GI) tract plays a pivotal role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients and is a complex system comprised of several organs and tissues. This research paper provides an in-depth exploration of the anatomy of the GI tract, emphasizing its various components and their functions. Additionally, it delves into the mechanisms underlying common digestive system disorders, offering insights into the causes, symptoms, and potential treatments. A comprehensive understanding of the GI tract's anatomy is vital for healthcare professionals and researchers striving to diagnose and manage digestive disorders effectively.</p&gt

ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS AMONG STICKLERS

Introduction: Growth retardation in weight and height was reported among patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA).The growth retardation, delayed sexual development and poor immunologic response are possibly due to the under nutritional state associated with the disease. The active metabolic state observed in sicklers is due to an increase in the synthesis of Hb, cardiac work, cell turnover, and a decrease in appetite and intake. Objectives: Tto compare anthropometric measurement (weight, height and body mass index (BMI) ) between sicklers and normal children and to study factors related to the nutritional status of sicklers. Patients and methods: This comparative hospital based study based study done among sicklers and control group using a questionnaire. Results: Stunted weight (less than 3rd centile) was observed in 49 (56.3%) sicklers compared to 9(11.4%) controls, 38(43.7%) sicklers and 51(64.6%) controls had their weight in the range between 5th-95th centile while 30(34.5%) sicklers and 7(8.9%) controls had their height less than 5th centile. A total of 40(46%) sicklers and 53(67.1%) control had a height outside the range of than 5th-95th percentile ,however it was observed that 17(19.5%) sicklers had their height more than 95th compared to 19(24%) controls. BMI was recorded as less than 5thin 51(58.7%) of the sicklers compared to7(8.9%) in the controls. Children from low social class were recorded in79.6%, 63.3% and 78.4%of weight, height and BMI stunting respectively .Finally stunting in weight, height and BMI was more obvious in older children. Conclusion: Most of sickle cell anemia patients had weight and body mass index retardation, this problem was mostly observed towards adolescent age

Aging in Place (Semester Unknown) IPRO 360: AgingInPlaceIPRO360FinalReportSp11

The purpose of this IPRO 360, Spring 2011, is to research and identify the significant problems encountered by the elderly in their everyday lives. This IPRO will create a foundation for the development and refinement of possible solutions for future IPRO semesters in conjunction with the Chamberlain Group. To be successful, this IPRO must create a simple, meaningful problem statement that can guide Chamberlain Group and future IPROs toward actually providing solutions for helping the elderly age in place.Sponsorship: The Chamberlain GroupDeliverable

Aging in Place (Semester Unknown) IPRO 360

The purpose of this IPRO 360, Spring 2011, is to research and identify the significant problems encountered by the elderly in their everyday lives. This IPRO will create a foundation for the development and refinement of possible solutions for future IPRO semesters in conjunction with the Chamberlain Group. To be successful, this IPRO must create a simple, meaningful problem statement that can guide Chamberlain Group and future IPROs toward actually providing solutions for helping the elderly age in place.Sponsorship: The Chamberlain GroupDeliverable

Aging in Place (Semester Unknown) IPRO 360: AgingInPlaceIPRO360FinalPresentationSp11

The purpose of this IPRO 360, Spring 2011, is to research and identify the significant problems encountered by the elderly in their everyday lives. This IPRO will create a foundation for the development and refinement of possible solutions for future IPRO semesters in conjunction with the Chamberlain Group. To be successful, this IPRO must create a simple, meaningful problem statement that can guide Chamberlain Group and future IPROs toward actually providing solutions for helping the elderly age in place.Sponsorship: The Chamberlain GroupDeliverable

Identification of novel genomic imbalances in Saudi patients with congenital heart disease

Abstract Background Quick genetic diagnosis of a patient with congenital heart disease (CHD) is quite important for proper health care and management. Copy number variations (CNV), chromosomal imbalances and rearrangements have been frequently associated with CHD. Previously, due to limitations of microscope based standard karyotyping techniques copious CNVs and submicroscopic imbalances could not be detected in numerous CHD patients. The aim of our study is to identify cytogenetic abnormalities among the selected CHD cases (n = 17) of the cohort using high density oligo arrays. Results Our screening study indicated that six patients (~35%) have various cytogenetic abnormalities. Among the patients, only patient 2 had a duplication whereas the rest carried various deletions. The patients 1, 4 and 6 have only single large deletions throughout their genome; a 3.2 Mb deletion on chromosome 7, a 3.35 Mb deletion on chromosome 3, and a 2.78 Mb a deletion on chromosome 2, respectively. Patients 3 and 5 have two deletions on different chromosomes. Patient 3 has deletions on chromosome 2 (2q24.1; 249 kb) and 16 (16q22.2; 1.8 Mb). Patient 4 has a 3.35 Mb an interstitial deletion on chromosome 3 (3q13.2q13.31). Based on our search on the latest available literature, our study is the first inclusive array CGH evaluation on Saudi cohort of CHD patients. Conclusions This study emphasizes the importance of the arrays in genetic diagnosis of CHD. Based on our results the high resolution arrays should be utilized as first-tier diagnostic tool in clinical care as suggested before by others. Moreover, previously evaluated negative CHD cases (based on standard karyotyping methods) should be re-examined by microarray based cytogenetic methods