Usporedba sastava i profila proteina sirutke majčinog, devinog, magarećeg, kozjeg i kravljeg mlijeka

The aim of this study was to compare the physicochemical parameters of milk samples of five different species: cow, goat, donkey, camel and human. Also the analysis of whey protein profile in different milk samples was performed by anion-exchange fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) while polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to identify a single fraction. Camel milk was the most acid (pH 6.460±0.005) and the richest in total proteins (3.41±0.31 %) and ash (0.750±0.102 %), whereas donkey milk had a neutral pH (7.03±0.02) and characterised by low proteins (1.12±0.40 %) and fat (0.97±0.03 %) content, being very close to human milk. Proteomic analysis of cow, goat, donkey, camel and human milk highlighted significant interspecies differences. Camel milk was similar to human milk in lacking of β-lactoglobulin and richness of α-lactalbumin. The knowledge gained from the proteomic comparison of the milk samples analysed within this study might be of relevance, both, in terms of identifying sources of hypoallergenic alternatives to bovine milk and detection of adulteration of milk samples and products.Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je usporediti fizikalno-kemijska svojstva 5 različitih vrsta mlijeka - kravljeg, kozjeg, magarećeg, devinog i majčinog. Primjenom ionske izmjene i brzo-proteinske tekućinske kromatografije (FPLC) provedena je i analiza profila proteina sirutke, dok je pomoću poliakrilamid gel elektroforeze identificirana svaka pojedina frakcija. Devino mlijeko imalo je najveću kiselost (pH 6,460±0,005) te najviše udjele proteina (3,41±0,31 %) i mineralnih tvari (0,750±0,102 %). S druge strane, magareće mlijeko imalo je pH vrijednost u neutralnom području (7,03±0,02) te niske udjele proteina (1,12±0,40 %) i mliječne masti (0,97±0,03 %) uslijed čega je bilo najsličnije majčinom mlijeku. Proteomička analiza uzoraka kravljeg, magarećeg, devinog i majčinog mlijeka rezultirala je značajnim razlikama ovisno o vrsti mlijeka. Devino mlijeko pokazalo se vrlo slično majčinom zbog odsutnosti frakcije β-laktoglobulina te visokog udjela α-laktalbumina. Rezultati dobiveni proteomičkom analizom različitih vrsta mlijeka mogu poslužiti za pronalaženje hipoalargenih alternativa kravljem mlijeku, ali i kao pomoć pri određivanju patvorenja mlijeka i mliječnih proizvoda

H,K-ATPase type 2 contributes to salt-sensitive hypertension induced by K(+) restriction.

In industrialized countries, a large part of the population is daily exposed to low K(+) intake, a situation correlated with the development of salt-sensitive hypertension. Among many processes, adaptation to K(+)-restriction involves the stimulation of H,K-ATPase type 2 (HKA2) in the kidney and colon and, in this study, we have investigated whether HKA2 also contributes to the determination of blood pressure (BP). By using wild-type (WT) and HKA2-null mice (HKA2 KO), we showed that after 4 days of K(+) restriction, WT remain normokalemic and normotensive (112 ± 3 mmHg) whereas HKA2 KO mice exhibit hypokalemia and hypotension (104 ± 2 mmHg). The decrease of BP in HKA2 KO is due to the absence of NaCl-cotransporter (NCC) stimulation, leading to renal loss of salt and decreased extracellular volume (by 20 %). These effects are likely related to the renal resistance to vasopressin observed in HKA2 KO that may be explained, in part by the increased production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). In WT, the stimulation of NCC induced by K(+)-restriction is responsible for the elevation in BP when salt intake increases, an effect blunted in HKA2-null mice. The presence of an activated HKA2 is therefore required to limit the decrease in plasma [K(+)] but also contributes to the development of salt-sensitive hypertension

Genetic diversity and relationships among wild and cultivated Ficus carica L.: Usefulness of RGA markers

Disease resistance and the maintenance of genetic diversity in wild and cultivated populations are very important challenges to implement breeding program and markers assisted selection of Ficus carica L. facing climate change and its consequences. Resistance gene analogs (RGA) markers were used for variety discrimination and assessment of genetic structure and diversity of wild and cultivated Ficus carica L. species in Tunisia. The RGA markers were efficient and reliable markers for discriminating wild and cultivated fig. The high level of polymorphism (95.65) detected suggests the effectiveness of RGAs for both genetic fingerprinting and relationships assessment in wild and cultivated fig. The detected markers may represent candidate genes for disease resistance and could be further used to facilitate the identification of candidate genes and accelerate the genetic improvement of disease resistance in breeding programs of Ficus carica species

ErbB3-ErbB2 Complexes as a Therapeutic Target in a Subset of Wild-type BRAF/NRAS Cutaneous Melanomas.

The treatment options remain limited for patients with melanoma who are wild-type for both BRAF and NRAS (WT/WT). We demonstrate that a subgroup of WT/WT melanomas display high basal phosphorylation of ErbB3 that is associated with autocrine production of the ErbB3 ligand neuregulin-1 (NRG1). In WT/WT melanoma cells displaying high levels of phospho-ErbB3, knockdown of NRG1 reduced cell viability and was associated with decreased phosphorylation of ErbB3, its coreceptor ErbB2, and its downstream target, AKT. Similar effects were observed by targeting ErbB3 with either siRNAs or the neutralizing ErbB3 monoclonal antibodies huHER3-8 and NG33. In addition, pertuzumab-mediated inhibition of ErbB2 heterodimerization decreased AKT phosphorylation, cell growth in vitro, and xenograft growth in vivo. Pertuzumab also potentiated the effects of MEK inhibitor on WT/WT melanoma growth in vitro and in vivo. These findings demonstrate that targeting ErbB3-ErbB2 signaling in a cohort of WT/WT melanomas leads to tumor growth reduction. Together, these studies support the rationale to target the NRG1-ErbB3-ErbB2 axis as a novel treatment strategy in a subset of cutaneous melanomas

The Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) leaf proteome: identification of a gender biomarker to screen male parents

Abstract To establish a proteomic reference map of date palm leaves (Deglet Nour cultivar), we separated and identified leaf proteins using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, respectively. In total, 284 spots were excised from gel and analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Among them, 158 were successfully identified (i.e, a success rate of 55.6%) conducting to the identification of 126 unique proteins. These proteins were then clustered according to their functional annotations. Identified proteins were involved in metabolism, electron transport, photosynthesis, protein synthesis, cell structure or defence. However, 29.4 % of the identifications gave unknown function. We then compared the proteome map of female and male trees. Only one discriminated spot was found to be specific of the gender. We identified the corresponding protein as an ABC superfamily ATP binding cassette transporter, ABC protein, a protein whose an ortholog in Arabidopsis thaliana was already reported as required for male fertility and pollen formation. The relevance of this protein as gender biomarker was then confirmed in four other cultivars, i.e., Aligue, Khouet Aligue, Kentichi and Kenta. Such biomarker should be helpful in rapidly distinguishing date palm gender of immature trees

Expression Profile of Nuclear Receptors along Male Mouse Nephron Segments Reveals a Link between ERRβ and Thick Ascending Limb Function

The nuclear receptor family orchestrates many functions related to reproduction, development, metabolism, and adaptation to the circadian cycle. The majority of these receptors are expressed in the kidney, but their exact quantitative localization in this ultrastructured organ remains poorly described, making it difficult to elucidate the renal function of these receptors. In this report, using quantitative PCR on microdissected mouse renal tubules, we established a detailed quantitative expression map of nuclear receptors along the nephron. This map can serve to identify nuclear receptors with specific localization. Thus, we unexpectedly found that the estrogen-related receptor β (ERRβ) is expressed predominantly in the thick ascending limb (TAL) and, to a much lesser extent, in the distal convoluted tubules. In vivo treatment with an ERR inverse agonist (diethylstilbestrol) showed a link between this receptor family and the expression of the Na+,K+-2Cl− cotransporter type 2 (NKCC2), and resulted in phenotype presenting some similarities with the Bartter syndrom (hypokalemia, urinary Na+ loss and volume contraction). Conversely, stimulation of ERRβ with a selective agonist (GSK4716) in a TAL cell line stimulated NKCC2 expression. All together, these results provide broad information regarding the renal expression of all members of the nuclear receptor family and have allowed us to identify a new regulator of ion transport in the TAL segments

Effects of Natural and Anthropogenic Stressors on Fucalean Brown Seaweeds Across Different Spatial Scales in the Mediterranean Sea

Este artículo contiene 14 páginas, 8 figuras, 3 tablas.Algal habitat-forming forests composed of fucalean brown seaweeds (Cystoseira, Ericaria, and Gongolaria) have severely declined along the Mediterranean coasts, endangering the maintenance of essential ecosystem services. Numerous factors determine the loss of these assemblages and operate at different spatial scales, which must be identified to plan conservation and restoration actions. To explore the critical stressors (natural and anthropogenic) that may cause habitat degradation, we investigated (a) the patterns of variability of fucalean forests in percentage cover (abundance) at three spatial scales (location, forest, transect) by visual estimates and or photographic sampling to identify relevant spatial scales of variation, (b) the correlation between semi-quantitative anthropogenic stressors, individually or cumulatively (MA-LUSI index), including natural stressors (confinement, sea urchin grazing), and percentage cover of functional groups (perennial, semi-perennial) at forest spatial scale. The results showed that impacts from mariculture and urbanization seem to be the main stressors affecting habitat-forming species. In particular, while mariculture, urbanization, and cumulative anthropogenic stress negatively correlated with the percentage cover of perennial fucalean species, the same stressors were positively correlated with the percentage cover of the semi-perennial Cystoseira compressa and C. compressa subsp. pustulata. Our results indicate that human impacts can determine spatial patterns in these fragmented and heterogeneous marine habitats, thus stressing the need of carefully considering scale-dependent ecological processes to support conservation and restoration.This study was supported by the European Union’s EASME (Executive Agency for Small and Medium Enterprise) and EMFF (European Maritime and Fisheries fund) as part of the project AFRIMED, “Algal Forest Restoration in the Mediterranean Sea” (under grant agreement no. 789059), http:// afrimed-project.eu/.Peer reviewe

Nouveaux mécanismes impliqués dans la rétention rénale de potassium

Les mécanismes impliqués dans la rétention du potassium par le rein restent encore en grande partie à éclaircir. En effet, si l inhibition de la sécrétion du potassium (par ROMK) et l activation de sa réabsorption (par la HK 2) couplées à une prolifération des cellules des segments distaux du néphron est établi en cas de restriction potassique, le ou les médiateurs hormonaux à l origine de ces modifications, ainsi que leurs récepteurs et les voies de transduction utilisées restent largement inconnus. Mon travail de recherche consistait à poursuivre et à compléter les travaux récents du laboratoire d accueil dans le but d identifier les acteurs (hormones, récepteurs, effecteurs) impliqués dans la réponse rénale à une déplétion potassique ou à des situations physiologiques comme la gestation et l adaptation au rythme circadien. En effet, comme vous le verrez en lisant les trois articles issus de mon travail dethèse, nous avons 1/ établi le mécanisme hormonal qui permet la stimulation de la HK 2 en carence potassique 2/ démontré le rôle de la HK 2 dans la rétention rénale de K+ induite par la gestation et 3/ observé l implication de la HK 2 dans la variation circadienne de la kaliurèse et dans l établissement d une kaliémie stable. Ainsi, par notre travail, la HK 2 se sera vu attribuer un rôle physiologique resté jusqu alors insoupçonné. Vu comme un transporteur exotique , il se retrouve maintenant au centre de deux processus physiologiques majeurs que sont la gestation et le rythme circadienPARIS-BIUSJ-Biologie recherche (751052107) / SudocSudocFranceF