Economía Circular y Consumo Responsable en Centros Educativos de Formación Profesional de Aragón. Familias de Procesos Industriales y Construcción

El desarrollo social y económico de los últimos años ha logrado el mayor descenso de la pobreza en la historia de la humanidad. A pesar de este éxito y de otros aspectos positivos que ha traído el actual modelo económico es evidente que nuestro planeta necesita un nuevo modelo de desarrollo no basado en el consumo desmesurado de recursos naturales. La actual sobreexplotación de los recursos del planeta junto con la perspectiva de crecimiento de la población mundial hace urgente el cambio de paradigma económico hacia un modelo circular. La educación, especialmente la Formación Profesional, tiene un papel destacado en la transformación social y económica que requiere este nuevo modelo económico y de desarrollo. Lo que es esencial para la supervivencia de nuestro medio ambiente, como así lo reconoce la Agenda 2030 y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas. Este Trabajo Fin de Máster desarrolla una acción formativa de Educación para el Desarrollo Sostenible en el ámbito de la Formación Profesional –centrado en el área los Procesos Industriales y de la Construcción-. El plan formativo tiene como objetivo que el alumnado adquiera conciencia sobre la problemática en materia de sostenibilidad y además que adquiera competencias personales y profesionales relacionadas con la Economía Circular y la Producción y Consumo Responsable.<br /

3D Multi-pass finite element welding modelling of butt-welded plate specimen

Congreso celebrado en la Escuela de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Sevilla desde el 24 hasta el 26 de junio de 2015.A multi-pass welding of a thin rectangular (dog-bone shaped) butt joint plate is numerically simulated as a coupled thermo-mechanical transient problem. The simulation uses an “element-birth” technique to simplify the complexity of the problem. The paper discusses the challenges of the simulation of a multi-pass weld problem and the utility of the results for practical applications. The final solution shows crucial stress distributions in a challenging geometry where large thermal transients and gradients are created by the welding procedure. The results also indicate the plastic yielding of the weld-joint after extensive cooling of the joined plate. The displacements from the results can be used to estimate the extent of distortions qualitatively. Despite minimal resources (2 CPUs on a standard Intel desktop architecture and 2 GB RAM over duration of 4 days) the procedure is able to provide adequate details in predicting residual stresses for multi-pass welded components

Incorporating façade-specific climatic factors to improve the ISO 15927-3 characterisation of wind-driven rain spells: Dutch and Spanish case studies

ISO standard 15927-3 characterise episodic exposures of wind-driven rain (WDR) on building façades by identifying wetting intervals, referred to as spells. Spells separated by 96 h or more without WDR are considered, assuming that this interval is sufficient for evaporative losses to exceed prior rainwater gains. This approach ignores variations in evaporation due to the façade orientation and local environmental factors, which cause diverse drying intervals even for the same material. This study proposes an estimation of potential evaporation losses in façades, considering their orientation and local climate. Representative drying intervals and enhanced façade-specific WDR spells are identified by combining potential evaporation losses with the directional WDR exposure. The results at locations in The Netherlands and Spain demonstrates that the drying intervals can vary significantly depending on these factors (regardless of the surface materials), which suggests reconsidering the current 96-h ISO model to minimise uncertainties when characterising episodic WDR exposures

Incorporating façade-specific climatic factors to improve the ISO 15927-3 characterisation of wind-driven rain spells: Dutch and Spanish case studies

ISO standard 15927-3 characterise episodic exposures of wind-driven rain (WDR) on building façades by identifying wetting intervals, referred to as spells. Spells separated by 96 h or more without WDR are considered, assuming that this interval is sufficient for evaporative losses to exceed prior rainwater gains. This approach ignores variations in evaporation due to the façade orientation and local environmental factors, which cause diverse drying intervals even for the same material. This study proposes an estimation of potential evaporation losses in façades, considering their orientation and local climate. Representative drying intervals and enhanced façade-specific WDR spells are identified by combining potential evaporation losses with the directional WDR exposure. The results at locations in The Netherlands and Spain demonstrates that the drying intervals can vary significantly depending on these factors (regardless of the surface materials), which suggests reconsidering the current 96-h ISO model to minimise uncertainties when characterising episodic WDR exposures

Influence of recycled aggregate quality from precast rejection on mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete

The use of coarse aggregates from crushing pre-existing concrete in the manufacturing of new concrete needs experimental results to validate its influence in the properties of the new concrete elements. In the present study we assessed the impact of using different proportions of replacement up to 100% of natural aggregates with recycled aggregates in the concrete properties; moreover, the effect of pre-treatments of pre-saturation, washing and the aggregates' source (from precast concrete rejected pieces and construction and demolition waste) was analysed. The best results were obtained with dry and washed recycled aggregates, the compressive strength increment was between the 8 and 17% compared to conventional concrete. Results also pointed out that recycled aggregate that exclusively comes from precast concrete pieces lead to a better concrete mechanical characteristic than the aggregates which origin is construction and demolition waste. In addition, a clear relationship between the percentage of recycled aggregate substitution and the workability and mechanical performance of self-compacting concrete is observed. The results presented in this paper allow to state that precast concrete factories can recycle their rejected elements into recycled coarse aggregates for manufacturing new products, this will allow to protect the environment by reducing the need of raw material consumption and the C&DW landfill. © 2021 Publicaciones Dyna Sl. All rights reserved

Incorporating façade-specific climatic factors to improve the ISO 15927-3 characterisation of wind-driven rain spells: Dutch and Spanish case studies

ISO standard 15927-3 characterise episodic exposures of wind-driven rain (WDR) on building façades by identifying wetting intervals, referred to as spells. Spells separated by 96 h or more without WDR are considered, assuming that this interval is sufficient for evaporative losses to exceed prior rainwater gains. This approach ignores variations in evaporation due to the façade orientation and local environmental factors, which cause diverse drying intervals even for the same material. This study proposes an estimation of potential evaporation losses in façades, considering their orientation and local climate. Representative drying intervals and enhanced façade-specific WDR spells are identified by combining potential evaporation losses with the directional WDR exposure. The results at locations in The Netherlands and Spain demonstrates that the drying intervals can vary significantly depending on these factors (regardless of the surface materials), which suggests reconsidering the current 96-h ISO model to minimise uncertainties when characterising episodic WDR exposures

Una historia contada al revés, la biomasa

En los congresos que celebran los países industrializados, más concretamente los comprometidos con el medio ambiente, se llega a la conclusión constantemente que el cambio climático es una realidad y que sus efectos ya se hacen patentes, siendo los menos optimistas los que indican el peligro que corren muchas especies si se sigue con la evolución de estos últimos 50 años respecto al calentamiento global del planeta. Este calentamiento como bien es sabido se produce por la emisión de gases efecto invernadero a la atmosfera procedente de tres grandes fuentes, el transporte (41,65%), la industria (23,53%) y el resto (34,82%) donde se encuentran el residencial, el comercio y el sector servicios, tanto público como privado. El aislamiento, orientación, utilización de energías renovables y la utilización de equipos con mejores rendimientos son los puntos a tratar cuando se quiere mejorar la calificación energética de un edificio. Alguno de ellos de fácil implementación en obra nueva pero de difícil logro en rehabilitación o regeneración de cascos antiguos. Esta ponencia se centra en justificar técnicamente uno de los parámetros que se utilizan para mejorar considerablemente la certificación energética de los edificios, cuando está en contradicción con la mejora del rendimiento, la no contaminación y el consumo cero de energía. La biomasa es el combustible que se utiliza para calentar el agua de calefacción y ACS de los edificios sin que contribuya a la emisión de CO2 en su balance energético, echo que hace que los técnicos recomienden el cambio de la caldera existente por una de biomasa en sus estudios de certificación energética cuando se refiere a obra existente, evitando recomendar de esta forma cualquier mejora real del edificio.Consejo General de la Arquitectura Técnica de Españ