The Effect of Time on Computer-Assisted Instruction For At-Risk Students

The problem of this study was to determine if the mathematics achievement of at-risk students using computer-assisted instruction (CAI) differed significantly from other groups of students

Robust free-breathing SASHA T1 mapping with high-contrast image registration

Comparison of free-breathing SASHA-VFA images with navigator gating, normal image registration, and high-contrast image registration. (GIF 4289 kb

Animal, Human, and \u3csup\u3e23\u3c/sup\u3eNa MRI Imaging Evidence for the Negative Impact of High Dietary Salt in Children

Purpose of the Review: Conditions typically prevalent in adults such as hypertension, kidney stones, osteoporosis, and chronic kidney disease are increasing among adolescents and young adults (AYA). The purpose of this review is to describe the association of these conditions to a high salt diet among pediatric patients. Recent Findings: We present animal, human, and 23Na MRI evidence associated with the negative impact of high dietary salt in children. Special focus is placed on novel 23Na MRI imaging which reveals the important concept of a third compartment for sodium storage in soft tissue. Finally, we make recommendations on who should not be on a low salt diet. Summary: A high salt intake predisposes children and AYA to considerable morbidity. We exhort the reader to engage in advocacy efforts to curve the incidence and prevalence of high salt-related life-limiting conditions

Candida albicans biofilm heterogeneity does not influence denture stomatitis but strongly influences denture cleansing capacity

Approximately 20  % of the UK population wear some form of denture prosthesis, resulting in denture stomatitis in half of these individuals. Candida albicans is primarily attributed as the causative agent, due to its biofilm -forming ability. Recently, there has been increasing evidence of C. albicans biofilm heterogeneity and the negative impact it can have clinically; however, this phenomenon has yet to be studied in relation to denture isolates. The aims of this study were to evaluate C. albicans biofilm formation of clinical denture isolates in a denture environment and to assess antimicrobial activity of common denture cleansers against these tenacious communities. C. albicans isolated from dentures of healthy and diseased individuals was quantified using real-time PCR and biofilm biomass assessed using crystal violet. Biofilm development on the denture substratum poly(methyl methacrylate), Molloplast B and Ufi-gel was determined. Biofilm formation was assessed using metabolic and biomass stains, following treatment with denture hygiene products. Although C. albicans was detected in greater quantities in diseased individuals, it was not associated with increased biofilm biomass. Denture substrata were shown to influence biofilm biomass, with poly(methyl methacrylate) providing the most suitable environment for C. albicans to reside. Of all denture hygiene products tested, Milton had the most effective antimicrobial activity, reducing biofilm biomass and viability the greatest. Overall, our results highlight the complex nature of denture- related disease, and disease development cannot always be attributed to a sole cause. It is the distinct combination of various factors that ultimately determines the pathogenic outcome