1,298 research outputs found
Enhancing the significance of gravitational wave bursts through signal classification
The quest to observe gravitational waves challenges our ability to
discriminate signals from detector noise. This issue is especially relevant for
transient gravitational waves searches with a robust eyes wide open approach,
the so called all- sky burst searches. Here we show how signal classification
methods inspired by broad astrophysical characteristics can be implemented in
all-sky burst searches preserving their generality. In our case study, we apply
a multivariate analyses based on artificial neural networks to classify waves
emitted in compact binary coalescences. We enhance by orders of magnitude the
significance of signals belonging to this broad astrophysical class against the
noise background. Alternatively, at a given level of mis-classification of
noise events, we can detect about 1/4 more of the total signal population. We
also show that a more general strategy of signal classification can actually be
performed, by testing the ability of artificial neural networks in
discriminating different signal classes. The possible impact on future
observations by the LIGO-Virgo network of detectors is discussed by analysing
recoloured noise from previous LIGO-Virgo data with coherent WaveBurst, one of
the flagship pipelines dedicated to all-sky searches for transient
gravitational waves
Proyectos vinculados al recurso agua en comunidades originarias de la Provincia de Tucumán : el caso de la comunidad India Quilmes
Las comunidades originarias de la Provincia de Tucumán son 21 formalmente declaradas.
Todas ellas están organizadas y reconocidas como parte del Estado Nacional a travĂ©s de su personerĂa jurĂdica y de un robusto marco legal y jurĂdico que las ubican como sujetos de Derechos. La Comunidad India Quilmes es una de ellas y está conformada por 14
comunidades de base, pueblos o parajes de la zona, las que suman alrededor de 630
familias. Dicha comunidad se ubica en el Valle de Yokavil, Departamento TafĂ del Valle, en
una zona de montaña con relieve quebrado y con zonas de marcado aislamiento. Los
pobladores indĂgenas de Quilmes se dedican a la Agricultura y ganaderĂa de tipo familiar y a la artesanĂa. El agua es una de las limitantes principales para la producciĂłn agrĂcola y
ganadera de la zona. El presente trabajo busca identificar experiencias vinculadas al recurso agua en la zona, reflexionando acerca de la importancia del recurso en estos pueblos. El enfoque aplicado fue de tipo cualitativo, utilizando el estudio de caso como método de investigación. La muestra estuvo compuesta por Caciques de diferentes comunidades originarias, delegados de comunidades de base, productores, técnicos de proyectos e informantes calificados. Los resultados arrojan interesantes datos donde se identifican proyectos ejecutados e implementados en diversas comunidades, priorizando los mismos según importancia, alcance y necesidad de la población. También en este apartado surgen los efectos de estos proyectos desde diferentes dimensiones: económica, productiva y social y el impacto en las familias comuneras.There are approximately 21 original (native) communities in the Province of Tucumán. All of
them are organized and have been recognized as part of the National State by their legal
personality and a robust juridical and legal framework, which places them as subjects of
Rights. The Quilmes Indian Community is one of them and is made up of 14 base
communities or local villages of the area, which congregate about 630 families. This
community is located in the Yokavil Valley, TafĂ Department of the Valley, in a mountain area with broken land relief and areas of marked isolation. The indigenous inhabitants of Quilmes are dedicated in agriculture, family livestock, and crafts. Water is one of the main limits for agricultural production and livestock in the area. The present study seeks to identify water experiences in the area, and to reflect on the importance of the resource in these villages. A qualitative type approach was applied, using the case study as research method. The sample consisted of Chieftains (caciques) from different native communities, delegates from base communities, farmers, project technicians and qualified informants. The results show interesting data, identifying the projects implemented in different communities, and they are shown sorted by the importance, scope and need of the population. Also in this section, the effects of these projects arise from different dimensions (economic, productive and social) as well as the impact on community families.Fil: GarcĂa Salemi, Ana C. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán.Fil: RĂos, Alejandro Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán.Fil: Ceconello, Marcos Mauricio. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán
Prospects for intermediate mass black hole binary searches with advanced gravitational-wave detectors
We estimated the sensitivity of the upcoming advanced, ground-based
gravitational-wave observatories (the upgraded LIGO and Virgo and the KAGRA
interferometers) to coalescing intermediate mass black hole binaries (IMBHB).
We added waveforms modeling the gravitational radiation emitted by IMBHBs to
detectors' simulated data and searched for the injected signals with the
coherent WaveBurst algorithm. The tested binary's parameter space covers
non-spinning IMBHBs with source-frame total masses between 50 and 1050
and mass ratios between and 1. We found that
advanced detectors could be sensitive to these systems up to a range of a few
Gpc. A theoretical model was adopted to estimate the expected observation
rates, yielding up to a few tens of events per year. Thus, our results indicate
that advanced detectors will have a reasonable chance to collect the first
direct evidence for intermediate mass black holes and open a new, intriguing
channel for probing the Universe over cosmological scales.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, corrected the name of one author (previously
misspelled
Investigation of Dynamic Behavior of Asphalt Core Dams
In this research, dynamic behavior of a rockfill dam with asphalt-concrete core has been studied utilizing numerical models and centrifuge model tests with material parameters determined by laboratory tests including static and cyclic triaxial tests and also wave velocity measurements. The case study selected is the Meyjaran asphalt core dam, recently constructed in Northern Iran, with 60 m height and 180 m crest length. The seismic response analyses have been performed using a non-linear three dimensional finite difference software under various hazard levels of earthquake loadings. Their results showed that the induced shear strains in the asphalt core are less than 1% during an earthquake with amax=0.25g and the asphalt core remains watertight. Also, the small scale physical models of the asphalt core dam have been tested on centrifuge, under impact loading and response accelerations and induced deformations were recorded by instruments installed within and on the models. The recorded data and observations of the centrifuge model tested at 80g acceleration showed that the induced deformations in the asphalt core under an impact load with a large acceleration of 7.6 m/s2 were very small. Comparing the results of centrifuge tests with the results of numerical dynamic analyses of a prototype dam indicated that the numerical results corresponded well with the data recorded during centrifuge tests
Robust Chauvenet Outlier Rejection
Sigma clipping is commonly used in astronomy for outlier rejection, but the
number of standard deviations beyond which one should clip data from a sample
ultimately depends on the size of the sample. Chauvenet rejection is one of the
oldest, and simplest, ways to account for this, but, like sigma clipping,
depends on the sample's mean and standard deviation, neither of which are
robust quantities: Both are easily contaminated by the very outliers they are
being used to reject. Many, more robust measures of central tendency, and of
sample deviation, exist, but each has a tradeoff with precision. Here, we
demonstrate that outlier rejection can be both very robust and very precise if
decreasingly robust but increasingly precise techniques are applied in
sequence. To this end, we present a variation on Chauvenet rejection that we
call "robust" Chauvenet rejection (RCR), which uses three decreasingly
robust/increasingly precise measures of central tendency, and four decreasingly
robust/increasingly precise measures of sample deviation. We show this
sequential approach to be very effective for a wide variety of contaminant
types, even when a significant -- even dominant -- fraction of the sample is
contaminated, and especially when the contaminants are strong. Furthermore, we
have developed a bulk-rejection variant, to significantly decrease computing
times, and RCR can be applied both to weighted data, and when fitting
parameterized models to data. We present aperture photometry in a contaminated,
crowded field as an example. RCR may be used by anyone at
https://skynet.unc.edu/rcr, and source code is available there as well.Comment: 62 pages, 48 figures, 7 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
Analysis of gut microbiota in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Disease-related dysbiosis and modifications induced by etanercept
A certain number of studies were carried out to address the question of how dysbiosis could affect the onset and development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but little is known about the reciprocal influence between microbiota composition and immunosuppressive drugs, and how this interaction may have an impact on the clinical outcome. The aim of this study was to characterize the intestinal microbiota in a groups of RA patients treatment-naïve, under methotrexate, and/or etanercept (ETN). Correlations between the gut microbiota composition and validated immunological and clinical parameters of disease activity were also evaluated. In the current study, a 16S analysis was employed to explore the gut microbiota of 42 patients affected by RA and 10 healthy controls. Disease activity score on 28 joints (DAS-28), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides, and dietary and smoking habits were assessed. The composition of the gut microbiota in RA patients free of therapy is characterized by several abnormalities compared to healthy controls. Gut dysbiosis in RA patients is associated with different serological and clinical parameters; in particular, the phylum of Euryarchaeota was directly correlated to DAS and emerged as an independent risk factor. Patients under treatment with ETN present a partial restoration of a beneficial microbiota. The results of our study confirm that gut dysbiosis is a hallmark of the disease, and shows, for the first time, that the anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) ETN is able to modify microbial communities, at least partially restoring a beneficial microbiota
PhyloTempo: A Set of R Scripts for Assessing and Visualizing Temporal Clustering in Genealogies Inferred from Serially Sampled Viral Sequences
Serially-sampled nucleotide sequences can be used to infer demographic history of evolving viral populations. The shape of a phylogenetic tree often reflects the interplay between evolutionary and ecological processes. Several approaches exist to analyze the topology and traits of a phylogenetic tree, by means of tree balance, branching patterns and comparative properties. The temporal clustering (TC) statistic is a new topological measure, based on ancestral character reconstruction, which characterizes the temporal structure of a phylogeny. Here, PhyloTempo is the first implementation of the TC in the R language, integrating several other topological measures in a user-friendly graphical framework. The comparison of the TC statistic with other measures provides multifaceted insights on the dynamic processes shaping the evolution of pathogenic viruses. The features and applicability of PhyloTempo were tested on serially-sampled intra-host human and simian immunodeficiency virus population data sets. PhyloTempo is distributed under the GNU general public license at https://sourceforge.net/projects/phylotempo/
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